Basic Trauma Biomechanics
An ______ is a quantity that measures an object or substance's resistance to being deformed elastically (i.e., non-permanently) when a stress is applied to it.
What is Elastic (Young's) Modulus?
A characteristic of blunt force trauma where the outer layer of the bone is separated.
What is Delamination?
A ______ is a series of radiographs, performed systematically to cover the entire skeleton or the anatomic regions appropriate for the clinical indications.
_____ refers to the spiral (helical) grooves that are cut or swagged on the internal surface (bore) of a gun barrel, which helps impart the spinning motion to a bullet when it's fired.
What is Rifling?
______ are the first fractures that form when a bullet enters the cranium. Multiple ______ may extend from the gunshot wound in a stellate pattern.
What is Radiating Fractures?
A temporary shape change that is self-reversing after the force is removed, so that the object returns to its original shape, is called ______. In other words, _______ is a change in shape of a material at low stress that is recoverable after the stress is removed.
What is Elastic Deformation?
The four incomplete bone fracture types include
What is Buckle, Greenstick, Bow, and Depressed?
____ _____ _____ is a serious brain injury caused by forcefully and violently shaking a baby.
What is shaken baby syndrome?
____-automatic means that once you have a round in the firing chamber, when you pull the trigger, that round will fire. ... _____ automatic means that once a round is loaded into the chamber, if you pull and hold the trigger, the firearm will continue to fire until you let go of the trigger or run out of ammunition.
What is semi and fully?
entrance wounds are round with sharp margins and show ______: the inner table of the skull is more eroded than the outer table, producing a "cone" shape in the direction of the bullet path.
What is internal beveling?
_____ _____ involves acceleration where static force does not.
What is Dynamic Force?
____ fractures are complete fractures that occur at a plane oblique to the long axis of the bone.
What is Oblique?
_______, also known as brittle bone disease, is a group of genetic disorders that mainly affect the bones. It results in bones that break easily. The severity may be mild to severe.
What is Osteogenesis Imperfecta?
A ______ weapon is one that has a barrel without rifling. ______'s range from handheld firearms to powerful tank guns and large artillery mortars.
What is a smoothbore barrel?
An ____ wound is surrounded by a reddish-brown area of abraded skin, known as the abrasion ring, and small amounts of blood escape through. An ____ wound, on the other hand, is larger and more irregular, with extruding tissue and no abrasion ring.
What is entrance and exit wound?
A bone's features also influence if/how/when a bone breaks.
What is Intrinsic Factors of Bone?
The 4 Stages of fracture healing
What is 1) Hematoma, 2) soft-callus, 3) Hard Callus, and 4) Remodeling.
______, also known as intrasutural bones or sutural bones, are extra bonepieces that can occur within a suture (joint) in the skull. These are irregular isolated bones that can appear in addition to the usual centres of ossification of the skull and, although unusual, are not rare
What is Wormian Bones?
Primer, Rim, Powder, Case, and Bullet are all included in what
What is the ammunition cartridge?
____ cannot be determined based on defect size
What is caliber?
Bone is _____ under shearing forces.
What is weakest?
At or near the time of death
What is Perimortem?
The ___ _____ _____ is also referred to as a corner fracture or a bucket-handle fracture. A CML occurs when a torsional force is applied to the immature primary spongiosa adjacent to a cartilaginous growth plate. _____ ____ ____(CML) in the distal humerus, in the form of a bucket-handle injury.
What is the classic metaphysical lesion?
A comparison microscope is used for the examination of fired bullets, bullet fragments and cartridge/shotshell cases. Equipment used for the examination of firearms include the above items plus special equipment to measure the trigger pull of the firearm and examine the interior of the barrel.
What is a bullet examination?
______ cracks are fractures forming in an approximately circular pattern around the point of impact. They are usually in straight segments that terminate in an existing radial crack.
What is concentric fractures?