Plants
What type of animal would you feed the entire plant stalk to?
Ruminants
What structural carbohydrates are composed in ADF?
Cellulose and Lignin
Nutrition involves four processes. What are they, I order.
Ingestion, digestion, absorption, and metabolism
What is the initial site of protein digestion?
Stomach
What are the three VFA's
Acetate, Butryate, Propionate
What are the three structural carbohydrates?
Hemicellulose, Cellulose, Lignin
As lignin increases in a plant, what happens to digestibility?
Decreases
What is the difference between an essential and nonessential nutrient?
Essential you need in diet because your body doesn't produce enough of it
Nonessential you body makes enough of so you don't need to consume it
How is every animal besides a horse able to allow great movement of digesta in both directions?
Striated muscles
How do ruminants get their energy?
VFAs, absorbed through the rumen wall
Why do we process feed?
To increase surface and digestibility
What is the difference between a digestion and balance trial?
In balance they collect urine, digestion they do not
List one of each
Pregastric fermenters (1 ruminant and 1 non ruminant)
Hingut/Postgastric fermenters (1 Cecal)
(2 Colonic, Sacculated and Unsacculated)
Pregastric Ruminants (Cattle, sheep, deer, antelope, camel)
Pregastric Nonruminats (colobine monkey, hamster, vole, kangaroo, hippo)
Hindgut Cecal (Capybara, rabbit, rat , mice)
Hingut Colonic Sacculated (Elephant, horse, zebra, new world monkeys, pig, human)
Hindgut Colonic Unsacculated (Panda, dog, cat)
What converts pepsinogen to pepsin?
Hydrochloric acid
What is the glandular stomach in a chicken?
Proventriculus
How do plants obtain ammonia?
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria on their nodules
As a plant reaches maturity, what happens to NDF, ADF, and crude protein?
NDF and ADF increase
CP decreases
What are the functions of saliva?
Moisten feed
Lubrication
Starch and lipid digestion
What are the three phases of digestion in order?
Cephalic, Gastric, Intestinal
What is the name of the sphincter or valve between the small intestine and stomach?
Pyloric
When would a plant have the least amount of structural carbohydrates?
When they are young/small
What is the least digestible fiber portion of forage?
ADF
What is coprophagia?
Eating feces
What are the fingerlike projections on the mucosal surface of the small intestines?
Villi
Where is bile secreted from and where is it stored?
Secreted by liver and stored in gall bladder