Feeding Standards
This nutrient measure indicates the total energy value of a feed.
What is Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN)?
These are the four fat-soluble vitamins.
What are A, D, E, and K?
These vitamins are not stored in the body, are least toxic, and any excess is excreted in urine.
What are water-soluble vitamins?
These two minerals are most closely related in function and absorption.
What are Calcium and Phosphorus?
Vitamin toxicity is most likely to occur with this vitamin.
What is Vitamin A?
TDN is based on proximate analysis and this factor that determines how much feed is utilized.
What is digestibility?
A deficiency of this vitamin causes night blindness and poor skeletal development.
What is Vitamin A?
A deficieA deficiency of this vitamin causes Beriberi in humans and can occur when grains are dehulled.
What is Thiamin (Vitamin B1)?
This mineral deficiency causes grass tetany in cattle on lush green pastures.
What is Magnesium (Mg)?
This mineral is most toxic to sheep, even at low concentrations.
What is Copper (Cu)?
Fat provides this many times more energy than carbohydrates or protein.
What is 2.25 times more?
Vitamin D helps regulate the absorption of these two minerals.
What are calcium and phosphorus?
This vitamin’s deficiency causes pellagra, characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death, especially in people who consume lots of corn.
What is Vitamin B3 (Niacin)?
The ideal calcium-to-phosphorus ratio in most livestock diets.
What is 1:1 to 2:1?
Deficiency of this vitamin causes scurvy, with bleeding gums and weak connective tissue.
What is Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)?
This energy system measures energy as heat, expressed in calories or kilocalories.
What is the Net Energy System?
Vitamin E and this trace mineral “spare each other” but cannot completely replace one another.
What is selenium?
A deficiency in this vitamin leads to abnormal fetuses or neural-tube defects, making it especially important during pregnancy.
What is Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)?
A deficiency in this mineral leads to white muscle disease or stiff lamb disease.
What is Selenium (Se)?
High sulfur levels can protect against molybdenum toxicity but reduce this mineral’s absorption.
What is Copper (Cu)?
Name the four progressive energy measurements in the Net Energy System.
What are Gross Energy, Digestible Energy, Metabolizable Energy, and Net Energy?
Moldy clover hay contains dicoumerol, which interferes with this vitamin’s role in blood clotting.
What is Vitamin K?
This vitamin contains cobalt, requires an intrinsic factor for absorption, and prevents pernicious anemia.
What is Cobalamin (Vitamin B12)?
This mineral is essential for thyroid hormone production and prevents goiter.
What is Iodine (I)?
A deficiency in this vitamin causes perosis or “slipped tendon” in poultry.
What is Manganese (Mn)?