Dorothea Dix
True or False: Dorothea Dix's efforts were solely to improve conditions for the mentally ill.
False (She also advocated for broader prison reform.)
True or False: Horace Mann argued that education should be entirely free from religious influence
True
True or False: Catharine Beecher was a proponent of women's suffrage during her lifetime.
False (Beecher advocated for women's important domestic roles but did not actively support women's suffrage.)
How did the attendance rate of males differ from females following the reform movement?
Males had higher school attendance rates compared to females
This disparity was less noticeable in free Black people
Which reformer is most closely associated with the movement to improve conditions in asylums during the 1800s?
Dorothea Dix
What was the primary goal of Dorothea Dix's notable petition presented to the U.S. Congress?
To secure federal funding for constructing asylums for mental health care
What was the primary goal of Horace Mann's education reforms?
To provide free, public education to all children
Catharine Beecher held strong beliefs regarding the societal role of women. Which of the following reflects one of her key philosophies?
Women should embrace domesticity and become educators for their children and the community
Prior to Horace Mann's advocacy, what was the condition of public education in the United States?
Educational opportunities were sparse, particularly for low-income families
How did the prison/asylum reforms differ in the North and South?
Northern reform implemented better systems for prisons and asylums
Southern reform tended to be not as prominent/existent
During her investigations into asylums and prisons, what did Dorothea Dix specifically uncover regarding the treatment of the mentally ill?
They were often kept in chains, beaten, caged, and subjected to severe living conditions
What state did Horace Mann serve as the first Secretary of the Board of Education?
Massachusetts
What was Catharine Beecher's most significant contribution to the field of education for women during the 19th century?
She founded a teacher training institution specifically for women
What was the significance of the "common school" movement that emerged during Horace Mann's tenure, and how did it reshape public perceptions of education?
The push for universal access to public education across various social classes
Prior to Dorothea Dix's reforms, how were individuals with mental illnesses typically treated?
They were often confined in poorhouses and treated similarly to criminals
Harsh/inhumane conditions
Dorothea first gained public support after presenting to which state's legislature?
Massachusetts
Which of the following was a direct result of Horace Mann's educational reforms?
The creation of a publicly funded, free school system
What was Catharine Beecher's perspective on women pursuing careers outside the home?
She believed women's primary responsibilities should be as wives and mothers but also supported teaching as a suitable profession
What were two major changes that caused the education reform?
Rise of immigrants
Universal suffrage for white males
To aid recovery, libraries were implemented in prisons to increase basic literacy for what purpose?
Bible reading
Dorothea first discovered the harsh treatment of the mentally ill after visiting the Cambridge Jail in what year?
1841
Horace Mann emphasized the need for moral education. Which of the following values did he particularly advocate for in schools?
Loyalty/respect to authority figures
(punctuality, frugality, temperance)
Which influential work did Catharine Beecher write, wherein she articulated her views on women's education and societal roles?
The Treatise on Domestic Economy
Which institution was Catharine Beecher instrumental in founding to further the education of women?
The Hartford Female Seminary
What were the major reform beliefs in regards to prisons and asylums?
Criminals could be morally redeemed
Cured through religious guidance & isolation from corrupt social vices