Normal Antepartum
A mother who is ten weeks may expect what symptom
Back pain
GI upset
Vaginal spotting
Quickening (Fetal Movement)
GI upset
develops during pregnancy, usually between 24 and 28 weeks. We screen for it using a glucose tolerance test.
Gestational Diabetes
when a fertilized egg implants outside of the uterine cavity, most commonly in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.
Ectopic pregnancy
the loss or termination of a pregnancy before 20 weeks' gestation up to 19 weeks and 6 days
Controlled studies in humans show no risk to the fetus. Example: Prenatal vitamins
Category A Medication
Epistasis (Nasal Congestion)
Swab of the cervix
Positive: high risk of delivery in next 2 weeks
Negative: unlikely to deliver soon
But these are not definitive
FFN Fetal Fibronectin swab
refers to fetal death after 20 weeks of gestation but before delivery
IUFD Itrauterine Fetal Demise
a condition where the newborn withdraws from substances they were exposed to in utero
NAS- Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Adverse effects shown in animal studies, but no adequate studies in humans. Use only if the benefit justifies the risk. Example: Some antidepressants
Category C Medication
When should fetal kick counts start and how does the mother perform
28 weeks, 10 movements in an hour, etc
Done 36-38 weeks in pregnancy. If positive, will need antibiotics in labor. Normal bacteria are present in all of us, but during pregnancy, there may be an overgrowth. This could be passed to the baby in delivery and cause sepsis
GBS swab
the placenta implants low in the uterus, sometimes covering or partially covering the cervix
Placenta Previa
Done by placing sensors on mothers abdomen to record HR accelerations with movement
NST
No risk found in animal studies, but no well-controlled studies in humans. Example: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) – generally considered safe.
Category B Medication
When does the second trimester start
14 weeks
Uses ultrasound to assess fetal wellbeing. Measures heart rate, breathing, muscle tone, amniotic fluid levels, and movement, healthy scores 8-10
BPP
the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, occurring after 20 weeks of gestation and before delivery. It can be classified as mild, moderate, or severe, depending on the degree of separation
Placental Abruption
when a woman with preeclampsia has a seizure. This is a true obstetric emergency.
Eclampsia
Contraindicated in pregnancy. Studies show fetal abnormalities, and the risk outweighs any benefit. Example: Isotretinoin (Accutane) – can cause major birth defects.
Category X Medication
When does the third trimester start
28 weeks
Before obtaining an amniocentesis, what should be checked?
RH Factor and placental/fetal location
a progressive disorder; the patient develops high BP after 20 weeks and either proteinuria or signs of organ dysfunction.
Preeclampsia
testing that induces uterine contractions to see if baby can tolerate labor.
Contraction stress test
Evidence of human fetal risk exists, but the potential benefit may warrant use. Example: Certain anticonvulsants – necessary for seizure control despite risks.
Category D Medication