Medication
What is betamethasone? How is it administered?
What is the patient at risk for?
It is a steroid Improves lung maturity/ surfactant
IM injections to Mom twice 24 hours
Mom at risk for hyperglycemia
Describe placenta previa
Treatment, nursing care
Placenta implants on the cervix.
Placenta brings oxygen to baby
Must have c-section if covers all
Do not do vaginal exam
What is cervical incompetence- how to treat
Cervix does not stay closed, starts labor
Cerclage- sewing up the cervix
name and describe barrier methods of contraceptives
do they prevent sti?
Male condom= latex, poly yes
Nagele rule
- 3 months add 7 days
What is amniocentesis and what is it used for?
Amniocentesis is a big needle that removes amniotic fluid to check for AFP, lung maturity, birth defects, genetic conditions,
What category is Magnesium in pregnancy
Tocolytic and anticonvulsant
What is oxytocin?
It is used to cause contractions
Placental abruption
describe & treatment & cause
The placenta separates prematurely ( before the baby is delivered)
Placenta provides oxygen . Very dnagerous
Causes 1) hypertension 2) trauma 3) cocaine
gestation diabetes, describe and what are the issues?
Elevated BS in pregnancy. Can cause severe health problems for the baby and mom. Mom at risk for type 2. treat with diet and exercise--> then insulin if does not work
Baby= macrosomic or large
at birth newborn at risk for hypoglycemia
GTPAL
Gravida ( multiples are 1 pregancy)
Term ( 37 weeks and greater)
P reterm ( 37 week or earlier)
A bortions
Living children
What is the nonstress test
Checks how the baby's HR respond If baby sleeping give mom food or use vibro accoutic.
reactive nonstress test= good
Nonreactive stress test= worried
How does Magnesium work?
Relaxes smooth muscle.
Calcium contracts , magnesium relaxes
What is Indomethacin? What is it used for in pregnancy?
When should it not be used in pregnancy?
It is an NSAID- used as a tocolytic in pregnancy
Should not be used in the 3rd trimester ( can close the patient ductus's)
What is GTD? Describe, treatment, ect
Gestational trophoblastic disease or molar pregnancy
Hyperemesis
No viable pregnancy
D/C
Checked for cancer
iron induced anemia
Low H & H,
means low oxygen for mom and baby
position mom on left side.
Describe presumptive, Probable, and positive
Presumptive= subjective signs n/v, tired no period ect
Probable= Most likely objective physical signs including preg test
positive= only a baby, fhr, ultrasound, palpation by an experienced
Maternal Alfa feto protein is high means what is low means what?
High means neurotube defects
low means down syndrome
What do you give for Mag toxicity?
Calcium gluconate . Calcium chloride
What is nifedipine used for in pregnancy?
It is a calcium channel blocker
Used as a tocolytic
Used as an antihypertensive for pre-eclampsia without severe features
What is ectopic pregnancy? Tx, s/s,
It is where the fertilized egg is implanted in the fallopian tubes.
Hemodynamically stable= methotrexate ( no folic acid)
Hemodynamically unstable=salpingostomy
Very hemodynamically unstable= salpingectomy
Hyperemesis
Caused by excess HCG ( twins, GTD, diabetes, hx of migraines, family history)
excessive vomiting= weigh loss / fat burning and ketones. metabolic alkolosis
concerned about uterine growth restricted
What are gestations and the terms
1st trimester- 1-13 weeks
2nd trimesert 14- 26 weeks
3rd trimester 26 - 40 weeks
What does the Biophysical profile assess?
Looks at fetal breathing
fetal tone
amniotic fluid
FHR
Gross movements
What are side effects of mag
diaphoresis, drowsiness, burning at insertion site, hot flashes.
What antihypertensive medications are given for a gestational hypertension client ( all categories)
Nifedipine & methyldopa = oral and for mild pre eclampsia/ pre eclampsia without severe features
Hydralazine- oral or IV. IV used for acute sudden crisis. Pre eclampsia with severe features
Labetalol= Pre eclampsia with severe features
What manifestation of bleeding?
decreased urine output, decrease BP, Increased HR, low H & H.
List and describe the types of gestational hypertension
chronic= before 20 weeks
Gestational = after 20 weeks, 140/90 no protein
Pre-eclampsia ( mild) 140/90 + protein + edema
pre-eclampsia severe 160/110, = protein +3, plus other issues
HELLP
how much weight gain for pregnancy
25-35 pounds
2-4 lbs first trimester
1 pound a week second and 3rd
What are adverse affects of Magnesium?
absent or 0, +1 DtR reflexesI
Urine output below 30 mL. ( use a catheter)
Resp below 12
FHR below 110
Name the meds to treat STI
Syphilis= penicillin
Chlamydia= azithromycin
herpes=acyclovir
HIV/ AIDS = ziduovine
Candida = antifungal ( zoles)
name warning signs of eclampsia
+ 4 DTR, hyperreflexia, epigastric pain, right quad pain ( liver), ankel clonus, facial edema, hand edema