Social Sciences & Global Health
Making sure everyone gets what they need in order to make things fair, as opposed to making sure everyone gets the same
What is equity?
A disease that has newly appeared in a population, or existed previously but is now rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range.
What is an emerging infectious disease (EID)?
The main United Nations agency focused on global health by connecting nations, partners and people to promote healthier lives, serve the vulnerable, and coordinate the global response to health emergencies.
What is the World Health Organization (WHO)?
The term for Tuberculosis which emphasized the wasting away of patients, commonly used until the rise of germ theory in the late 1800s
What is consumption?
Collection, analysis, and integration of both qualitative and quantitative data in a single study to provide a more comprehensive understanding of a research question than either method could achieve alone.
What is mixed-methods research?
Social structures that prevent individuals, groups, and societies from reaching their full potential. For example, Native American populations were forcibly displaced and subjected to attempts to destroy their culture, which can be connected to today's high rates of NCDs among Native Americans.
What is structural violence?
10-12,000 years ago, a major shift occurred from a nomadic hunting and gathering lifestyle to sedentism (living in one place) and primary food production (agriculture)
What is the Neolithic Revolution?
A physician and anthropologist, he made public health and other professionals "disturbed" by arguing that we shut our eyes to the world's injustices and that we should take an empathetic and realistic approach to patient treatment.
Who is Paul Farmer?
Low-pitched gurgling sounds during exhalation caused by fluid in the larger airways in the lungs.
What are rhonchi?
A positionality in which a person or population is at greater risk for suffering the consequences of hierarchical structural inequities embedded within a particular society.
What is structural vulnerability?
Widespread occurrence of a particular disease in a community, region, or population at a particular point in time
What is an epidemic?
From 1760-1840, a transition to manufacturing and industry which saw a marked decline in infectious disease mortality within developed countries
What is the Industrial Revolution/2nd epidemiological transition?
When patients do not adhere to treatment guidelines, due to any number of reasons such as lack of trust, conflicting beliefs, or time and economic restrictions
What is non-compliance?
A program designed by public health officials in Peru wherein a health care worker observes the patient taking their medication, checks for side effects, documents the visit,and provides social support
What is Directly Observed Therapy Short-Course (DOTS)?
The process by which people become classified within society as less valuable, undesirable, or unwanted
What is stigma?
A principle of anthropology that encourages us to not judge another culture or group by our own Western standards of right/wrong/normal/abnormal.
What is cultural relativism?
What is increased vulnerability to disease spillover?
Synergistic interactions between biological and social factors- where the factors increase risk of morbidity and mortality (Ex: HIV and TB)
What are noxious synergies?
A concept that describes the gap in health and longevity between two groups of people in the world.
What is the "great epidemiological divide"?
Civil court orders that temporarily restrict firearm access for an invididual who is at en elevated risk of harming themself or others.
What are Extreme Risk Protection Orders (ERPOs)/red flag laws?
A perspective that emphasizes the dynamic interplay between biological and social factors in shaping human behavior and health.
What is the biosocial approach?
A model for integrating epidemiology with demographic changes, articulating a theory of three major epidemiological transitions: 1) beginning with pestilence and famine, 2) receding pandemics, 3) degenerative and man-made diseases
What is the Omran epidemiological model (1971)?
They were pushed to migrate to Port-au-Prince after the Peligre Dam caused flooding of the farms that were their main source of income. They are also likely to increase in number as water resources become more scarce across the world.
What are water refugees?
They demonstrate non-specific symptoms, have a low bacterial load which makes diagnostic tests less effective, and it can be difficult to collect samples from them
What are the challenges of understanding TB in children?
A model that says disease results from the interaction between an agent and susceptible host in an environment that supports transmission of the agent to the host.
What is the Epidemiological Triad disease model?