Life History Theory
An example of a tradeoff
Growth or Reproduction? More/smaller or fewer/larger offspring? Invest in current offspring or save resources for later?
Life stage that is characterized by social and dietary complexity. Ends with Puberty.
Juvenile
regulate the organization of body structures of an embryo along the cranial-caudal axis
HOX gene
Define pre-eclampsia
High blood pressure associated with pregnancy
Restrictions or limitations that affect the course/ outcome of evolution.
Restraints
What characterizes the human childhood life stage?
Deciduous teeth give way to permanent teeth, Mid-childhood growth spurt and adrenarche, Increase in fat post-growth spurt. Brain weight growth completed (development not) at end of childhood (~3-7 years)
fertilized egg cell
Zygote
Gestational Diabetes
Condition of pregnancy reflecting mother and fetus “food fight” over glucose
describes an organism that can undergo multiple reproductive events throughout life.
Iteroparity (Semelparity describes organisms that reproduce only once)
What makes human life history unique (compared to other primates)?
human life histories are extended, contain childhood and adolescence. According to Bogin, other primates lack human-like (skeletal) growth spurt, humans have a longer period of time from puberty to 1st birth
Pregnancies that occur inside the fallopian tube.
Ectopic
Gastrulation
Process of formation of the three germ layers: endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
The three life history stages hypothesized to be unique to modern humans.
Childhood, adolescence, and post-reproductive
Describe the human placenta.
hemochorial placentas (large diffuse area of maternal blood pooling with very close connection to the fetus)
Altriciality
Helplessness of newborn animals (precocial is opposite)
Pharyngeal arches contain *BLANK* and become structures of *BLANK*
1.migrated neural crest cells
2.lower face and neck
Doula
Companion during birth, linked to shorter, less painful labors, for some.