Week 1
This German philosopher co wrote The Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels
Karl Marx
Who is considered the founder of American cultural anthropology?
Franz Boas
Who is called the father of modern cultural ecology?
Which two anthropologist were interested in how society maintained social Cohesion?
Emlie Durkheim and Marcel Mauss
What term describes the process of learning the norms, values, and behaviors of their own culture?
Enculturation
This is the struggle between social classes over resources and power
Class struggle
What is the principle of understanding a culture according to its own values and beliefs rather than your own?
Cultural relativism
What are the layers of Leslie White’s layer cake model ?
1. Technology and Economy
2. Social and political Organization
3. Ideology
What concept describes rituals that allow people to express disagreement with leaders?
Rituals of rebellion
What type of fieldwork involves an anthropologist to live amongst the people they study to undestand their everyday lives?
Participant observation
What economic system is based on private ownership of the means of production?
Capitalism
What type of racism did the Boasian Circle challenge by arguing that race does not determine intelligence or cultural achievement?
Scientific racism/ Eugenics
Emic vs Etic
Emic - looks at culture from inside perspective
Etic - looks at culture from outside perspective
“Small societies cohere/stay together and stable due to similarity of people who are equal“ describes?
Mechanical solidarity
Ethnocentrism
A capitalist society is split into two groups, what are they?
Bourgeoisie and Proletariat
Which anthropologist documented African American folklore, traditions, and everyday life in the American South?
Zora Neale Hurston
Multilinear; Each culture adapts and changes in its own way.
What distinction separates the study of a culture at specific time versus how a culture changes over time?
Synchronic vs. diachronic
What term describes the exchange of goods and services through giving and receiving?
Reciprocity
What concept describes Morgan’s theory that all human societies progress through the same stages of development, from savagery to barbarism to civilization?
Unilineal cultural evolution
What theoretical perspective associated with the Boasian Circle rejected universal cultural evolution and emphasized the unique histories of individual cultures?
Historical particularism
What are Leslie White’s four stages of cultural evolution ?
2. Neolithic Revolution
3. Use of Fossil tools
4. Use of atomic energy
What concept did Marcel Mauss develop to describe social practices that guide behavior in a society
Total social fact
Conflict theory
Examines how unequal access to power and resources shapes cultural practices and social relationships.