Culture
Culture acts as an _____________ buffer
environmental
Prohibition against certain types of food
Food taboos (food laws)
Spoken by 330 million people
Bantu language
The spread of an idea from one culture to another
Diffusion
A system of family lineage in which the relatives on the mother's and father's side are equally important for emotional ties or for transfer of property and wealth.
Bilateral Descent
What causes cultures to change?
Adaptation to challenge or conflict
Prohibitions against various animals or method of preparation
Mosaic food laws (Judaism)
Dominate language in southern half of African continent
Niger-Congo language family
Refers to distinctions in products that cannot be easily evaluated in terms of quality
Horizontal Differentiation
Meaning one spouse; common among hunters-gatherers
Monogamy Marriage
Rapid diffusion under influence from another society that may be voluntary or involuntary
Acculturation
Argued cooking opened up the human diet and unlocked key nutrients
Richard Wrangham
The study of how languages changed through time
Historical Linguistics
Arbitrary meaningful units of models that represent reality (language, signs, flags, logos)
Symbolic Learning
The kinship relation between an individual and the individual progenitors
Line of Descent
An adaptive mechanism
Cuture
19th century dramatic increase in food production
Industrialization
Sounds and words displaced in time and space
Language
The social status a person is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life
Ascribed Statues
One man, several wives
Polygamy
How is the concept of culture shared?
Through the transmission of symbols
A large increase in crop production that included the widespread diffusion of hybridized wheat, irrigation methods
Green Revolution (1950s-present)
Close associations between language and culture
Sapir - whorf hypothesis
The rise of human population in the 20th century also known as the population bomb (1968)
The Malthusian Trap
A descent group is a social group whose members talk about common ancestry
Kinship