Plato
If you have the desire to steal money but know that it is wrong, what two parts of the soul are in conflict?
Desire and rational
What is the soul according to Aquinas?
The first principle of life
What does physicalism teach?
Only physical things exist
What is the final end of human beings according to Aristotle?
Happiness
Obedience
What are the three parts of the soul and their functions?
Desire/Appetitive- basic desires for pleasure
Spirited- strong emotions (courage, fear)
Rational- reason and wisdom
What powers of the soul do animals have?
Nutritive and sensitive
What do physicalists believe about the soul?
The soul doesn’t exist, neither physically nor spiritually
What do all fields like medicine, architecture, art have in common according to Aristotle?
They all have a final end or goal
What did St. Augustine think about the innocence or guilt of babies?
He did not think babies were innocent, but that they were too weak to act on their selfish/evil desires
How does Plato come to the conclusion that the soul has many parts?
You can desire multiple things at once, and opposite desires cannot come from the same place.
Why can the soul not be a physical body?
Because then every physical thing would be alive
How do near death experiences disprove physicalism?
If people were only physical, they would not be able to see things happening outside their body while dead.
What separates humans from other living creatures according to Aristotle?
Their ability to reason
Why did St. Augustine steal from the pear tree?
He simply wanted to do something evil for the sake of it.
When is a person just according to Plato?
When their reason rules, spirited follows, and desires are controlled
What order is this: rational, sensitive, nutritive
Order of nature
What is one piece of scientific evidence that SUPPORTS physicalism?
Brain damage causes people to change personalities at times
Why does Aristotle consider happiness to be the 'final' good?
It is sought only for its own sake and not for the sake of anything else
Why was St. Augustine sad over his love for fictional characters?
Because he cared more about people that did not exist rather than his own soul
How does a city compare to the soul?
A city has three parts with three classes that compare to the soul.
Desire- workers
Spirited- warriors
Rational- rulers
What powers of the soul exist according to Aquinas? What do they do?
Nutritive- growth, reproduction and nourishment
Sensitive- sense perception
Rational- intellect and will
What is one philosophical response AGAINST physicalism?
Human beings have the capacity to understand universal concepts like justice and beauty that cannot be grasped through physical things alone
What is the definition of happiness according to Aristotle? (hint: it is the same as the function of a human being)
Rational activity in accordance with virtue
What led to St. Augustine's conversion ultimately?
His mother prayed for 30 years, he ended up getting preached to by St. Ambrose, and then a voice told him to read the Bible which made him repent.