Boycotts and Strikes
What was the primary goal of anti-apartheid boycotts?
To weaken the economy and pressure the government to end apartheid.
What is civil disobedience?
Peacefully disobeying unjust laws to create change.
What was a common international response to apartheid?
Economic sanctions and trade restrictions.
Who was the most famous leader of the anti-apartheid movement?
Nelson Mandela
What year did apartheid officially begin in South Africa?
1948
In 1985, which activist led boycotts against white-owned businesses in Port Elizabeth?
Mkhuseli Jack
Name one law that was deliberately broken as part of civil disobedience campaigns.
Examples: Laws against interracial marriage, racial segregation in schools.
Which international organization condemned apartheid and called for sanctions?
The United Nations.
What was the name of the political organization led by Nelson Mandela?
The African National Congress, or ANC.
What was the law that required Black South Africans to carry passbooks?
The Pass Laws
What major event in 1988 involved three million workers and students refusing to work or attend school?
The 1988 General Strike
How did clergy members resist apartheid laws?
By illegally marrying interracial couples
Name one way the sports world pressured South Africa to end apartheid.
Banning South Africa from the Olympics and other major events.
Name a female leader who played a crucial role in resisting apartheid.
Winnie Mandela or Albertina Sisulu
What was the purpose of the Group Areas Act?
It segregated people by race, forcing non-whites into separate areas.
Why were strikes and work stoppages particularly effective against apartheid?
They disrupted industry and demonstrated the power of collective action.
How did schools participate in civil disobedience?
By secretly enrolling non-white students in white-only schools.
What was the cultural boycott, and how did artists contribute to the anti-apartheid movement?
Artists refused to perform in South Africa.
What was Steve Biko’s role in the anti-apartheid movement?
What was Steve Biko’s role in the anti-apartheid movement?
What was the name of the 1960 massacre where police killed peaceful protestors?
The Sharpeville Massacre
How did boycotts and strikes help push the apartheid government to negotiate?
Economic pressure made apartheid unsustainable, leading to reforms and eventual negotiations.
What was the significance of the 1950s Defiance Campaign?
It was one of the first large-scale civil disobedience movements against apartheid.
How did economic sanctions contribute to the fall of apartheid?
They weakened South Africa’s economy, increasing pressure to negotiate change.
What was the significance of the Rivonia Trial?
It led to the imprisonment of Nelson Mandela and other ANC leaders.
When did apartheid officially end?
1994, with the election of Nelson Mandela as president.