Ribosomes
Class of drugs that bind to ribosomes to prevent protein synthesis, causing cellular dysfunction and cell death
Aminoglycosides
ABX that is used when there is a highly resistant infection. Can be given IV or IM. Adverse effects are GI upset, anaphylaxis, and pruritis.
Imipenem
Macrolide used to treat tick borne illnesses, pneumonia and other infections.
Adverse effects: GI upset and Hypersensitivity reactions
Erythromycin
Class of drug that is bacteriostatic, has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating characteristics, and can cross placenta and enter milk?
Tetracyclines
What is the difference between bactericidal and bacteriostatic?
Bactericidal: directly kills the bacteria & immune system cleans up debris
Bacteriostatic: causes the bacteria to stop growing & replicating, but rely on the immune system to kill the bacteria.
Can treat joint infections in foals, pyometra and retained fetuses in mares
Amikacin
ABX that has moderate gram positive, minimal gram negative and poor Pseudomonas sp. effectiveness.
Target Staphylococcus, Streptococcus sp.
First Gen Cephalosporins
EX: Cefazolin, Cephalexin, Cephalothin
Can be used with rifampin to treat Rhodococcus in foals.
Can cause GI upset, rarely causes jaundice, cardiac arrhythmias and angioedema
Azithromycin (Zithromax)
What specific tetracycline treats rickettsial organisms, Bartonella, Mycoplasma, and Bordetella?
Doxycycline
Name the Quinolone that has less predicable bioavailability than Enrofloxacin in dogs.
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Aminoglycoside that should be used cautiously in renal failure patients and dogs dependent on hearing. Do not use in a dehydrated patient.
Gentamycin
Moderately treats gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Good against Enterobacteriacae sp.
Second Gen Cephalosporin
EX:Cefoxitin
Used to treat chronic colitis and inflammatory bowel disease in small animals, and susceptible infections in cattle and swine.
Tylosin
What is the drug used to treat tendon contracture in foals?
Oxytetracycline
Name the adverse effects of Quinolones.
hypersensitivity reactions, cartilage abnormalities (young animals), renal or hepatic problems in dehydrated animals, and blindness in cats at higher doses.
Most nephrotoxic aminoglycoside, primarily used as topical preperation for the eye, ear or skin.
Neomycin
Fourth and fifth Gen cephalosporins are used where
Not routinely used in veterinary medicine
Broad spectrum B lactam antibiotics derived from Staphylococcus bacteria.
Penicillins
What class of drug is broad-spectrum, bacteriostatic ABX that works against anaerobes, gram positive bacteria, and Toxoplasma?
Lincosamides
What is Sulfamethoxine (Primor) used for?
used to treat skin and soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
List the three adverse effects we learned that aminoglycosides can cause.
Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity and GI upset
High activity against Pseudomonas sp. and gram negative bacteria only minimally effective against gram positive effectiveness.
Third Gen Cephalosporin
EX: Cefpodoxime (simplicef), Cefovecin (convenia), Ceftiofur (Naxcel).
List the penicillins that we are required to know
Seperate them by Oral and Parenteral
O-Amoxicillin, Clavamox, Ampicillin, Penicillin V
PE- Ampicillin, Unasyn, Penicillin G, Ticarcillin + Clav
List ALL the Lincosamides we have to know.
Clindamycin (Antirobe, Cleocin)
Lincomycin (Lincocin)
What does TMS stand for? Also, what does it treat in small and large animals?
Trimethoprim Sulfa
Small animal: empirical treatment for recurrent urinary tract infections
Large animal: to treat susceptible infections in horses