Antivirals
What is an example of an acute viral infection?
influenza, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), norovirus, Ebola, COVID-19, etc.
What does "prophylaxis" mean?
Used to prevent disease
What is the medical term for a fungal infection?
mycosis
What type of infections do antibiotics treat?
bacterial infections
What disease is considered eradicated now thanks to vaccination?
smallpox
What is an example of a chronic viral infection?
HIV, herpes, hepatitis
Where are parasitic infections more common in the world?
Tropical areas
Where do fungal infections commonly occur on the body? (name at least two)
skin, nails, mucous membranes, lungs
What does it mean if a medication is bacteriostatic?
It makes it more difficult for the bacteria to grow and multiply
Which vaccine needs to be stored in the freezer?
Varicella
What do antiviral medications do for acute viral infections?
Can ease symptoms and shorten length of illness and help body fight off virus
In what two types of people do we more commonly see parasitic infections in the United States?
Who is most at risk for developing fungal infections?
people with weakened immune systems, people who are taking antibiotics. Some of our common fungal infections occur more often in athletes or people who sweat a lot or have poor personal hygiene.
What are the two rules for taking antibiotics that we discussed in class?
Take exactly as prescribed, and don't stop taking them before your treatment is complete, even if you start to feel better
If someone experiences an adverse reaction to a vaccine, where should they report it?
Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS)
What do antiviral medications do for chronic viral infections?
Can’t remove the virus from your body but can help ease or eliminate symptoms by making the virus latent
Why is Aralen (chloroquine) so commonly prescribed in the United States?
It is used for malaria prophylaxis
Name one of the antifungal medications we learned in this section that could be used to treat athlete's foot
Lotrimin (clotrimazole) or Lamisil (terbinafine)
Name 2 possible minor side effects and 2 possible serious side effects of taking antibiotics.
Minor: diarrhea, nausea, yeast infection, minor rash
Serious: severe allergic reaction, c. diff, antibiotic resistance
What is the first vaccine used to prevent a form of cancer?
Gardasil (HPV Vaccine)
Which of the three antiviral medications we learned in this section is not used to treat the herpes virus, and what is it used to treat?
Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate) - treats influenza
Name one of the antibiotics that we learned about in this section can also be used as an antiparasitic
Flagyl (metronidazole), Bactrim (sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim), or Doryx (doxycycline)
This type of yeast infection easily spreads through healthcare facilities and has become an issue due to it becoming multi-drug resistant
Candida auris
What is antibiotic resistance and how can we help prevent it?
Bacteria can evolve to resist the effects of antibiotics and therefore cause them to not work as well over time which can make it more difficult to treat future infections.
We can help prevent it by working to prevent infections from happening in the first place, taking care of ourselves, washing our hands, getting vaccinated, using antibiotics and antifungal medications appropriately, preparing food safely, keeping our animals healthy and washing hands after touching or caring for them, preventing STDs
What is the difference between active immunity, passive immunity, and herd immunity?
Passive immunity - person is given antibodies rather than producing them on their own (Immediate protection but not as long lasting)
Active immunity - exposure to pathogen triggers immune response in body which then produces antibodies (Natural active immunity - when you are exposed to pathogen through infection with the actual disease. Vaccine-induced active immunity - killed, weakened, or pieces of pathogen are introduced to the body to train the immune system how to fight that pathogen without being exposed through natural infection)
Herd immunity - when a large portion of the population is immune to a disease and therfore disease has is unable to spread as easily