Drugs that affect cell wall
what antibiotic meds inhibit cell wall synthesis or punch a hole in the lipid bilayer
penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycins, carbapenems
what are the 3 types of antibiotics affecting protein synthesis?
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Macrolide Antibiotics
this drug can cause "red man syndrome" if rapid infusion of first dose of drug. caution in pts with myasthenia gravis bc it could worsen symptoms. treats MRSA. active against gram positives only.
Vancomycin
contra'd for children because it can discolor their teeth and depress bone growth
Tetracylcines
what should return to normal is medication is effective
WBC count
example of a penicillin. subcategory of amoxicillin (typically for strep throat), this drug has amoxicillin combined with clavulanate, a beta-lactamase inhibitor
Augmentin
effective against CHLAMYDIA, mycoplasma, protozoa (e.g. Malaria, giardia, leishmaniasis). broad spectrum bacteriostatic. can treat acne, can be substituted for penicillin, and doxycycline may be used for travelers diarrhea. what category of drug is it?
Tetracyclines
_____ used in burns - esp w/ Pseudomonas - can cause metabolic acidosis, in painful w application.
_____ - useful in burns.
these are in the Sulfonamides drug cateogry.
1. Sulfamylon
2. Silver sulfadiazine
examples of this drug are Cipro (ciprofloxacin) and Levaquin (levofloxacin). Synthetic bactericidal drugs with activity against gram positive and negative organisms. Contra'd for liver disease, hypersensitivity, and avoid exposure to sunlight. may effect WB'ing joints. what drug category is it?
Fluoroquinolones
what is on your skin flora?
staphylococci and streptococci
examples of penicillins. this has other combination with beta lactamase inhibitor
Zosyn (piperacillin/tazobactam)
these bacterial agents treat gram negative organisms like proteus, klebsiella, enterobacter, escherichia coli, and pseudomonas. theres a narrow spectrum. accumulates in the kidneys and ears. an example of this category is Gentamicin. what category of drugs is it?
Aminoglycosides
Anti-herpes agents. indicated for herpes simplex and herpes zoster.
Acyclovir
contra'd in renal failure. can cause bone marrow depression (esp elderly), bactrim can cause folic acid deficiency, and can cause jaundice in rare cases.
Sulfonamides
colon
what drug category is Kelfex (cephalexin, taken orally) and Ancef (ceflazolin, taken parenterally) examples of?
Cephalosporins
effective against anaerobic bacteria, gram positive bacilli (such as c.diff and protozoa like giardia, amebiasis, trichomoniasis). used topically for rosacea, and used for bacterial vaginosis.
Flagyl (metronidazole)
Anti-influenza drug category. inhibit neuraminidases produced by influenza A and B. inhibit viral spread. what drug is this?
Tamiflu, aka Oseltamivir
contra'd in older adults with severe renal impairment. what drug is this?
Aminoglycosides
adverse effects of this drugs is that it can cause tendon rupture and cartilage damage in children under 18. what drug is it?
Fluoroquinolones
Primaxin (imipenem-cilastatin) is an example of this drug category. These are drugs of last resort. inhibit synthesis of cell walls. broad spectrum, bactericidal, beta-lactam anti-microbials. indicated for organisms resistant to other drugs.
Carbapenems
Bactrim (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole)
Antifungals
_____- first line tx for Coccidioides (valley fever)
_____- may be used orally, topically, or vaginally. generally well tolerated.
Adverse effects: n/v/d and abdominal pain
what drugs are these?
1. Fluconazole (Diflucan)
2. Nystatin (Mycostatin)
what drugs cause ototoxicity?
Aminoglycosides, macrolide antibiotics, and vancomycin.
- penicillins
-Cephalosporins
- Erythromycin and Zithromax (azithromycin), aka Z-pak
these are all safe for what demographic?
children