Knowledge
These drugs work to limit or slow the progression of bacteria
bacteriostatic
You are caring for an elderly patient in a long-term care facility who has been prescribed a cephalosporin. Which adverse effect should you monitor the patient for while taking this drug?
Nephrotoxicity- adverse reaction of cephalosporins
What treatment does the nurse anticipate the PCP ordering for treatment of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Vancomycin
What information should a nurse tell a patient who has been prescribed ciprofloxacin?
be sure to drink 1.5-2L fluid/day to prevent crystal formation in urine, give with food, notify in any joint or tendon pain occurs, avoid sunlight/proper sun care, if DM check BG levels
What is a priority nursing intervention when a patient becomes anxious and starts to wheeze within minutes of starting a new antibiotic infusion
Stop the infusion immediately
What is prophylaxis treatment? Examples:
Given to prevent an infection.
Give roughly 60 minutes before surgery, dental procedures, weakened immune system (HIV), recurrent chronic infections.
You are caring for a hospitalized patient receiving gentamycin IV, an aminoglycoside, for the treatment of Pseudomonas pneumonia. Which laboratory values would be important to monitor to avoid adverse effects from drugs of this classification?
BUN and Creatinine
You are caring for a patient with an upper respiratory infection from group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. The patient asks you what antimicrobial drug is effective for this infection. What is your best response?
Penicillin
A breast-feeding mother has been prescribed antimicrobial therapy for an infection. What information should be included in her teaching plan?
Breast-feeding should be avoided during antimicrobial therapy
A patient has just received penicillin G IM for treatment of syphilis. What is the priority nursing actions?
Monitor for 30 minutes for anaphylaxis reaction including shortness of breath, rash, or hives.
What is a multidrug-resistant organism (MDR)?
When an organism is resistant to three or more types of antimicrobial drugs.
Patients who require treatment with gentamicin often require monitoring, which includes peak and trough levels. When should we draw a peak and a trough?
Peak- 30 minutes after administration
Trough- right before administration
May damage the kidney (nephrotoxicity) and can produce permanent damage to the inner ear (ototoxicity), or hearing impairment.
aminoglycosides (gentamycin)
You are teaching a patient about possible side effects when taking penicillin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic. What is the most common side effect you would stress in teaching the patient about this drug?
Diarrhea/GI upset
A patient who was prescribed a cephalosporin for the treatment of an infection states he has an allergy to penicillin. What action should you take before giving this drug to the patient?
Inform the PCP as they may have a cross-sensitivity
What is a culture and sensitivity?
A culture is a test to find germs (such as bacteria or a fungus) that can cause an infection.
A sensitivity test checks to see what kind of medicine, such as an antibiotic, will work best to treat the illness or infection.
What are five adverse effects of penicillin's?
erythema, urticaria, angioedema, laryngeal edema, and anaphylaxis
These drugs are effective against gram-negative pathogens and can cause arthropathy (joint pain and disease) in children
Fluoroquinolones- ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin
Which effect or drug interaction of ampicillin would be important to teach to female patient of childbearing age?
Ampicillin can reduce the effect of oral contraceptives.
A patient receiving antibiotics for 3 days reports a skin rash over the chest, back, and arms. What is your first action?
Assess- Ask the patient whether they have ever developed a rash while taking another drug
Before giving a patient their first dose of antibiotics, what is most important to assess?
Allergies
What is a major adverse effects of macrolides?
liver impairment causing jaundice. As they are metabolized in the liver.
Used for uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections, infections of the lower respiratory tract, central nervous system (CNS), genitourinary system, joints, and bones, and for serious infections, like bacteremia and septicemia.
cephalosporins- ceftriaxone
Your patient is being discharges home from the ER with a diagnosis: Urinary Tract Infection. Your education of antibiotic therapy includes?
Take the full prescription, even if you are feeling better, as prescribed. Development of drug-resistant organisms develop with improper antibiotic therapy. You will not fully treat the infection and run risk or reoccurrence.
A patient prescribed vancomycin (Vancocin) has developed redness on the face, neck, chest, back, and arms. The family asks the nurse if the drug should be stopped because of this response. What is your best answer?
No, these uncomfortable problems are an expected drug side effect; treatment of red man syndrome includes slowing the infusion rate and pretreatment with H2 receptor blocker to prevent.