Terms
A chemical substance that is derivable from microorganism or produced by chemical synthesis that kills or inhibits microorganisms
What is an antimicrobial?
A complication of antimicrobial therapy where the antibiotic alters the normal flora, allowing overgrowth of opportunistic organisms.
What is super infection?
This type of antibiotic therapy is the most common in primary care - when the patient is infected with an unknown source.
What is empiric therapy?
This area of highest antimicrobial resistance is associated with the highest antimicrobial use.
What are hospital areas?
Patients with resistant infections are more likely to have received this.
What are prior antimicrobials?
This type of bacteria inhibits the growth of bacteria
What is bacteriostatic?
This type of antibiotic therapy is used to help prevent infections
What is prophylactic therapy?
This type of spectrum is an ideal attribute of antibiotic coverage.
What is narrow spectrum?
Increased ______ increases likeliness of colonization with resistant organisms.
duration of therapy
What is the secondary goal of stewardship?
This killing property of antibiotics will exert a killing effect as long as the concentration remains above the minimum inhibitory concentration
What is interval/time-dependent killing?
A complication of antimicrobial therapy where the antibiotic directly affects the cellular processes of the host.
What is direct toxicity?
This type of antibiotic kills the bacteria
What is bactericidal?
What is the primary goal of stewardship?
Optimize clinical outcome and minimize unintended consequences of antimicrobial use
T/F: Antimicrobial can be inherent or acquired.
True
This type of dosing is used to maintain therapeutic dose range and avoid a toxic range.
What is "peak and trough" dosing?
This killing property of antibiotics will exert a killing effect based on getting the concentration above a certain level and will continue to even after the concentration falls below the MIC
What is concentration-dependent killing?
This bacterial property describes when it is impervious to antibiotics.
What is resistance?
This occurs when the antimicrobial dose doesn't stop bacterial growth and the organism adapts.
What is antimicrobial resistance?
The 4 major sites in bacterial cells that serve as the basis for action of clinically effective drugs are ______.
Cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes and nucleic acids
A complication of antimicrobial therapy that involves an IgE mediated allergic reaction
What is hypersensitivity?
This type of antibiotic therapy is used to treat a patient infected with a known source
What is definitive therapy?
This ideal attribute of an antibiotic indicates the ratio of toxic levels to therapeutic levels. You want this to be high in an antibiotic.
What is therapeutic index?
When is it bad to have a bactericidal antibiotic?
With endo/exotoxin release
4 main mechanisms of action where the antibiotic inhibits synthesis
Cell wall material, RNA, DNA and ribosomes/proteins