Symptoms of Depression
4th leading cause of disability worldwide.
What is depression?
The ________ suggests that depression is due to deficiencies of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
What is the "Monoamine Theory"?
Stress is considered to be a major factor in depression, due to activation of the _______ Axis, involving these 3 portions of the Stress Response.
What is the "HPA" Axis? (involving the Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, Adrenal Gland.)
2nd Generation Antidepressants are _______, which block the reuptake of serotonin, causing a buildup of this neurotransmitter.
What are SSRI's (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)?
MAOI interaction with foods containing __________, can be dangerous and potentially fatal.
What is tyramine?
Loss of interest in normally pleasurable activities.
What is anhedonia?
Estimated 33% of depressed individuals are also involved in _________, said to initially be helpful.
What is substance abuse?
Said to be the most influential environmental factor leading to the predisposition of depression.
What is "Stress"?
Third Generation/Atypical antidepressants also inhibit the reuptake of serotonin, as well as this neurotransmitter.
What is Norepinephrine?
An overabundance of Serotonin in the body can lead to __________, bringing several problematic effects.
What is Serotonin Syndrome?
Due to the high numbers of depression, it is often called the ____________ of mental disorders.
What is the "common cold"?
Depletion of _______ (precursor to Serotonin), is said to lead to depression, supporting the monoamine theory.
What is tryptophan?
________ is an enzyme that breaks down monoamines by removing them from the synaptic cleft. MAOI's block this, so the monoamines are not removed.
What is Monoamine Oxidase?
Antidepressants go through significant "First-Pass _________", which destroys much of them before reaching the bloodstream.
What is Metabolism?
Antidepressants can produce ________ when their usage is ceased.
What are withdrawal effects?
Per your textbook, women are __________ as likely to develop depression.
What is "twice"?
Delay in therapeutic effect can be _________.
What is 3-4 and up to 12 weeks?
Tricyclics also block the reuptake process of the monoamines serotonin, _______, and dopamine.
What is norepinephrine?
First-pass metabolism can be blocked by _______, which will "greatly enhance" the amount of the antidepressant that is absorbed.
What is alcohol?
________ are toxic materials that can affect the development of an embryo.
What are Teratogens?
Probability of suicide is estimated to be _____ times greater with those who are depressed.
What is "5"?
SSRI's block the reuptake of serotonin by blocking ___________.
MAOI's and Tricyclics are ________ Generation antidepressants.
What is First?
Antidepressants are able to cross this/these barrier(s).
What is/are the Blood-Brain and Placental Barriers?
Antidepressants are said to be dangerous to children and adolescence, and thus contain this warning.
What is the "Black Box Warning"?