Antihistamines
3 Mechanism(s) of action?
1. vasodilator
2. increases secretion of the eyes, the mouth, the GI tract, and respiratory tract
3. Increases vessel permeability
Mechanism of action?
1. An adrenergic decongestant stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, which constricts the nasal arterioles
2. An anticholinergic decongestant inhibits the parasympathetic nervous system and works similarly to an adrenergic decongestant
3. A corticosteroid decongestant inhibits the inflammatory response and thereby relieves congestion
Mechanism of an antitussive?
It suppresses the cough reflex by raising the cough threshold
Mechanism of action?
Aids in coughing up and spitting out mucous, also thins mucous
Do first generation histamines or second generation histamines cause sedation?
First generation histamines, because they cross the blood brain barrier
Name some indications for being on an anti-histamine?
nasal allergies, seasonal perennial allergies, allergic reactions, motion sickness, Parkinson's disease, vertigo, and insomnia
Indications for a decongestant?
Acute or chronic rhinitis, the common cold, sinusitis, and hay fever
Would we use an antitussive for a productive cough?
Hell no.
Indications?
Productive cough
Can corticosteroid and anticholinergic decongestants cause rebound congestion?
No. Only intranasal decongestants would.
Contraindications to anti-histamines?
Allergies, impaired liver or kidney function, pregnancy and lactation, and narrow angle glaucoma
Name three side effects of Pseudoephedrine?
1. rebound congestion
2. tachycardia
3. nasal dryness and burning
Benzonatate is a non-opioid antitussive that works within how many minutes?
15-20 minutes
Contraindications?
Drug allergy
Can non-opioid antitussives cause sedation, drowsiness, or dizziness?
True or false: Loratadine can work for cold and allergies
False. Loratadine only works for allergies, not for colds.
What class is ipratropium?
An anticholinergic
Codeine is an opioid antitussive which is contraindicated for these two disorders...
Seizure and severe respiratory disorders
Adverse effects of expectorants include the following 3...
1. nausea
2. vomiting
3. gastric irritation
Name the 4 side effects of codeine as an antitussive
1. sedation
2. nausea
3. vomiting
4. constipation
Why would we be cautious in giving diphenhydramine to the elderly population?
Diphenhydramine works peripherally and centrally, and so it crosses the blood brain barrier and can cause drowsiness, which can ultimately cause someone to be a fall risk
True or false: With fluticasone, effectiveness decreases with usage
True.
Dextromethorpan is a non-opioid antitussive that raises the cough threshold and can cause the following three side effects...
1. dizziness
2. drowsiness
3. nausea
Can guaifenesin be used for non-productive coughs?
No
Guaifenesin is commonly referred to as...
Mucinex