The Antibiotic Age
This scientist discovered penicillin in 1928.
Who is Alexander Fleming?
The acronym MRSA stands for this.
What is Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus?
The first vaccine was administered to prevent this disease, based on observation that milkmaids who developed cowpox seemed immune.
What is smallpox?
These drugs are chemically modified in a lab after being isolated from natural sources.
What are semisynthetic drugs?
This is most likely organism to cause an acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection.
What is E. coli?
The first commercially produced antibiotic, introduced in the 1940s.
What is penicillin?
This approach involves study of the links in antimicrobial resistance and health between humans, animals, and the environment.
What is “One Health”?
The mRNA COVID-19 vaccines target this viral protein.
What is the spike protein?
This discipline describes the relationships between drug concentrations and effects on pathogen and host.
What is pharmacodynamics?
While most cases of pharyngitis are caused by viruses, this is the primary bacterial cause.
What is group A Streptococcus or S. pyogenes.
The “golden age” of antibiotic discovery led to numerous members of this drug class, which was originally isolated from the fungus Cephalosporium acremonium.
What are cephalosporins?
This term describes how bacteria acquire resistance genes from other bacteria.
What is horizontal gene transfer?
This term describes vaccines made from weakened pathogens.
What are live attenuated vaccines?
This type of study used in drug development describes the concentration-time profiles of bacterial killing of antimicrobials in vitro.
What is a time-kill study?
This nonfermenting gram negative rod is known for being a common cause of nosocomial infections and carrying substantial intrinsic resistance.
What is Pseudomonas?
This antibiotic class was discovered from Streptomyces species in soil.
What are aminoglycosides?
This antibiotic class is compromised by ESBL-producing organisms.
What are beta-lactams?
The HPV vaccine helps prevent this type of cancer.
What is cervical cancer?
What are carbapenemases? (specific types such as NDM, KPC, VIM, IMP, OXA-48 accepted)
While most cases of community-acquired pneumonia are caused by viruses, this is the principal pathogen antibiotic regimens are designed to target.
What is Streptococcus pneumoniae?
This drug was one of the first synthetic antimicrobials, discovered in 1932 and derived from the dye industry.
What is Prontosil?
This drug class is compromised by mutations such as parC to topoisomerase IV or gyrA to gyrase.
What are quinolones?
A vaccine containing this target should be administered every 10 years, to prevent lockjaw.
What is tetanus (Td or Tdap)?
This term refers to the process of modifying the chemical structure of an existing antibiotic to improve its efficacy or reduce resistance.
What is structure-activity relationship (SAR) optimization?
Treponema pallidum is the pathogen responsible for this disease, which may take many forms over decades if left untreated.
What is syphilis?