A.O.C (Strengths)
Drafted in 1781 out of fear of a tyrannical central power like the British monarchy, this was the first written constitution of the U.S.
The Articles of Confederation.
Anti-Federalists believed power should stay mostly with these government entities to best protect local control and personal liberties.
State governments.
Because the national government had no power to impose these, it was forced to politely ask states for funds to operate.
Taxes.
Federalists favored this type of central government structure to preserve union order and economic stability.
A strong central government.
Who do we elect in Midterms?
The entire House of Representatives, 1/3 of Senate seats, and some governors.
Under the Articles, the nation was structured not as a unified federal state, but as this type of state partnership.
League of States
Anti-Federalists strictly insisted that this document must be added to the Constitution before they would agree to ratify it.
The Bill of Rights.
Modifying or amending the Articles of Confederation required this impossible fraction of state approvals.
13 out of 13.
In Federalist No. 10, James Madison argued that a large republic protects individual rights by controlling the influence of these self-interested groups.
Factions.
This African River is considered the longest in the world.
The Nile River.
In the unicameral (single-house) Congress under the Articles, each state received this exact number of votes, regardless of its population size.
One vote.
Anti-Federalists warned that a distant national government would inevitably become this type of oppressive regime.
Tyranny.
Due to the central government's inability to regulate commerce between states, individual states engaged in economic conflict known as this.
Trade wars.
Federalists assured citizens that no single branch would hoard power because the new Constitution established this structural safeguards framework.
Separation of Powers/Checks and Balances
What was the first Pixar movie?
Toy Story.
To prevent power concentration, the Articles intentionally omitted these two entire branches of national government.
Executive and judicial.
Anti-Federalists were deeply concerned that the new central government possessed far too much power in these two areas:
Finance (taxes) and defense (the military).
This 1786 uprising of Massachusetts farmers exposed the federal government's lack of a standing army and directly prompted the Constitutional Convention of 1787.
Shays' Rebellion.
Federalist No. 51 was specifically written to explain how this internal organizational structure keeps government power in check.
What is separation of powers.
Which team scored the most points ever in a single Super Bowl?
The San Francisco 49ers (55 points in 1990)
1789.
Anti-Federalists argued that individual rights could only be safeguarded if local populations maintained control through this level of government.
State and local governments.
Shays' Rebellion highlighted the federal government's dangerous lack of this type of permanent military force needed to stop internal rebellions.
A standing army.
To secure final ratification of the Constitution, Federalists compromised by agreeing to add this specific set of constitutional amendments.
The Bill of Rights.
Which American president is in the wrestling hall of fame?
Abraham Lincoln.