Basic Vocab
Study of the structure of body parts and their relationship to one another
Anatomy
True or False: Homeostasis is a static process because once homeostasis is reached, it is one set state that cannot be changed.
False
What is a chemical messenger?
Communication between cells. Essential for homeostasis, reception, and response.
A pH of 11 is considered to be
Basic
A pH of 7 is considered to be
Neutral
Study of the function of body parts; how they work to carry out life-sustaining activities
Physiology
Before taking a bite of food, your body begins producing saliva because your brain anticipates that food is about to enter your mouth.
What concept does this example demonstrate?
Feedforward reaction
Substance that acts on the same cell that secreted the substance
Autocrine
Which of the following is a molecule?
A. Ca²⁺
B. K⁺
C. O₂
D. Na⁺
O2
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate? What is its function?
A monomer of a carbohydrate is a monosaccharide. Carbohydrates provide energy for the body, and also provide structure to cells.
Anatomy vs. Physiology: Neurons transmit electrical signals to communicate with other cells.
Physiology
Your body generally maintains its internal temperature around 98.6°F.
What concept does 98.6°F represent?
Set point
Target cells in close proximity to the site of release of substance
Paracrine
“water loving”, molecules that dissolve in water, have a number of polar bonds and/or ionized groups.
Carboxyl, amino groups, hydroxyl
Hydrophilic
What is the monomer of a protein? What is it's function?
The monomer is a Nucleic Acid. Proteins are responsible for tissue repair, substance transportation, and tissue structure.
The study of cells including their form and function
Cytology
What type of feedback system is the scenario below?
Oxytocin is released during labor contractions, enhancing the number of contractions preparing the body for birth.
Positive feedback
Neuron or effector cell in close proximity to site of the release
Neurotransmitter
What is the most abundant inorganic compound in the body?
H2O (water)
What are the 6 most abundant elements in the human body?
Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus
Anatomy vs. Physiology: The spinal cord is a long bundle of nervous tissue extending from the brain.
Anatomy
What type of feedback system is the scenario below?
Receptors sense an increase in blood glucose, so the Pancreas secretes insulin into the body, which will eventually decrease blood glucose.
Negative feedback
Target cells in one of more distant places in the body
Hormone
List the bonds in order from weakest to strongest
Ionic, Hydrogen, Covalent
Hydrogen, ionic, covalent
Explain why homeostasis is a founding principle in human physiology. What does it mean in relation to our bodies functioning. Give an example if needed.
Homeostasis allows for the body to maintain a stable environment when conditions outside the body change. Examples: temperature, blood sugar, and pH.