Cardiac Conduction
Positive chronotropic factors increase or decrease heart rate?
increase
What hormone is known for adrenaline rushes?
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Name an agranulocyte.
lymphocyte or monocyte
What is the most superficial layer of the heart?
Fibrous Pericardium
What do venous valves do?
What element is essential to the beating of the heart?
Calcium, Ca2+
Name all three primary vasocontrictors
Angiontension II
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Which leukocyte secretes histamine and heparin?
Basophil
The sympathetic system will ___ contractility and __ stroke volume?
increase, increase
The vessels relax
When the ventricles of the heart contract, what sound does the heart make? (AV valve closes)
"Lub"
Why does Aldosterone increase blood pressure?
It is the salt-producing hormone that causes water retention in the body, thus increasing the blood pressure
Water
Which patient is hypotensive?
A. Mr. Green 110/77
B. Mr. Brown 80/55
C. Mrs. Brown 120/80
D. Mrs. Green 125/87
B, Mr. Brown
If the resistance inside of a vessel decreases, what will happen to the flow?
Flow will increase
What type of muscle has an elongated refractory period?
cardiac
What happens to someone with an overproduction of the Angiotensin II hormone?
extreme vasoconstriction and increased heart rate (tachycardia)
How many molecules of oxygen are found on a hemoglobin molecule?
4
What is separated by the posterior interventricular sulcus?
the posterior right and left ventricles
Consider the following:
Net Hydrostatic Pressure: 20mmHg
Net Colloid Osmotic Pressure: 40mmHg
Net filtration pressure is _____ and would be the ____ end of the capillary.
Negative, Venous
Given the variables:
Heart Rate: 185bpm
End Diastolic Volume: 200mL
End Systolic Volume: 100mL
Calculate the Cardiac Output.
Answer: 18,500mL/min OR 18.5L/min
What happens to the heart rate of someone who has an overproduction of the Natriuretic Peptide Hormone?
heart rate decreases by the reduction of fluid build up
What has to happen to an erythrocyte before it leaves the bone marrow?
It loses its nucleus
Mr. Walsh is a long-time marathon runner, who is now 85 years old. Mr. Walsh participated in a marathon last week and he noticed that it took him an extra 30 minutes to finish and he felt a lot slower than usual. Why is Mr. Walsh's ability to run marathons decreasing? Does Mr. Walsh's age affect this decrease? Why?
His SA node is failing and the body is now dependent on his AV node. Yes, because aging is a factor in SA node wear and tear.
After measuring Mrs. Plum's blood pressure as the following:
89/59
Her pressure during ventricular contraction is:
A. 99
B. 59
C. 89
D. 148
C, 89
The top number of blood pressure always represents contraction.