Homeostasis
What is the primary purpose of homeostasis in the human body?
A. To increase metabolic rate
B. To maintain a stable internal environment
C. To enhance muscle growth
D. To eliminate waste
B. To maintain a stable internal environment
Homeostasis ensures that internal conditions such as temperature, pH, and blood pressure remain within optimal ranges despite external changes.
Which plane divides the body into left and right sides?
A) Transverse plane
B) Sagittal plane
C) Frontal plane
D) Coronal plane
B
The sagittal plane specifically divides the body vertically into left and right sections.
Which function is NOT a primary role of the skin?
A) Temperature regulation
B) Vitamin D production
C) Blood cell production
D) Protection from injury
C
Blood cell production occurs in bone marrow, not the skin.
The transverse plane divides the body into:
A. Front and back
B. Left and right
C. Upper and lower
D. Inside and outside
C. Upper and lower
The transverse (horizontal) plane separates the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.
What structure connects skeletal muscles to bones?
a. Ligaments
b. Cartilage
c. Tendons
d. Fascia
C
Tendons attach muscles to bones; ligaments connect bones to bones.
Which two systems are primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis?
A. Cardiovascular and respiratory
B. Nervous and endocrine
C. Muscular and skeletal
D. Digestive and urinary
B. Nervous and endocrine
The nervous system regulates rapid responses through electrical impulses, and the endocrine system uses hormones to maintain long-term balance. Both coordinate other systems to sustain homeostasis.
Which body cavity contains the spinal cord?
A) Cranial cavity
B) Thoracic cavity
C) Spinal cavity
D) Abdominal cavity
C
The spinal cavity runs down the midline of the back and contains the spinal cord.
Which layer of skin contains nerve receptors and blood vessels?
A) Epidermis
B) Subcutaneous layer
C) Dermis
D) Keratin layer
C
The dermis is the thick layer beneath the epidermis containing arteries, veins, and nerves.
A chronic skin condition with facial redness, visible blood vessels, and sometimes pus-filled bumps is:
A. Psoriasis
B. Rosacea
C. Seborrheic dermatitis
D. Eczema
B. Rosacea
Rosacea primarily affects the central face, causing flushing, redness, and sometimes acne-like lesions, worsened by triggers like heat, alcohol, or stress.
A patient reports pain and swelling in the wrist due to repetitive typing. The nurse suspects:
a. Osteoporosis
b. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
c. Fibromyalgia
d. Rheumatoid Arthritis
B
Carpal tunnel syndrome results from compression of the median nerve, often caused by repetitive hand movements
Disruption of homeostasis can lead to:
A. Improved function of organs
B. Stability of body processes
C. Minor or major illness
D. No effect on health
C. Minor or major illness
When homeostasis is disrupted, conditions can range from minor issues (like a headache) to life-threatening disorders (like organ failure).
Which quadrant houses most of the liver?
A. Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
B. Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
C. Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
D. Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
A. Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
The liver is primarily located in the RUQ, though it extends slightly to the LUQ.
Which skin condition causes itchy, scaly patches typically on knees and elbows?
A) Eczema
B) Acne
C) Cellulitis
D) Psoriasis
D
Psoriasis is characterized by itchy, scaly skin patches on specific body areas.
Which burn classification involves damage only to the epidermis, causing redness and pain but no blisters?
A. First-degree burn
B. Second-degree burn
C. Third-degree burn
D. Fourth-degree burn
A. First-degree burn
First-degree burns are superficial, affecting only the epidermis. Second-degree burns involve blisters, while third-degree burns destroy deeper tissues.
Which muscle type is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the intestines and blood vessels?
a. Skeletal
b. Smooth
c. Cardiac
d. Striated voluntary
B
Smooth muscle controls involuntary movements such as digestion and blood vessel constriction.
A&P
Free
If a patient has pain in the right lower quadrant (RLQ), which organ might be involved?
A. Appendix
B. Stomach
C. Liver
D. Spleen
A. Appendix
The appendix is located in the right lower quadrant, and pain here often indicates appendicitis.
Which gland produces sebum (oils) to keep skin and hair soft?
A) Sudoriferous glands
B) Sebaceous glands
C) Sweat glands
D) Lymph glands
B
Sebaceous glands produce sebum to maintain skin and hair softness.
Acne primarily develops because of:
A. Overproduction of melanin
B. Plugging of hair follicles with oil and dead skin cells
C. Fungal infections
D. Excessive sweating
B. Plugging of hair follicles with oil and dead skin cells
Acne occurs when sebaceous glands produce excess oil that mixes with dead skin cells, blocking pores and leading to pimples, blackheads, or cysts.
A fracture is best defined as:
a. Inflammation of tendons
b. A break in a bone
c. Joint stiffness and swelling
d. A tear in muscle fibers
B
A fracture is a break in the continuity of bone due to trauma or disease.
A cut that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions is along which plane?
A. Transverse
B. Frontal
C. Sagittal
D. Oblique
B. Frontal
The frontal (coronal) plane divides the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) parts.
The thoracic cavity contains all the following except:
A. Lungs
B. Heart
C. Esophagus
D. Kidneys
D. Kidneys
Kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, not the thoracic cavit
Which skin condition forms sores that break open and crust over?
A) Cellulitis
B) Impetigo
C) Psoriasis
D) Eczema
B
Impetigo is a contagious bacterial infection causing sores that break open and crust over.
The ability of a muscle to shorten and produce movement is known as:
a. Excitability
b. Contractility
c. Extensibility
d. Elasticity
B
Contractility is the ability of muscle fibers to shorten when stimulated, producing movement.
A nurse is assessing a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Which finding is expected?
a. Bone density loss
b. Inflammation of multiple joints
c. Localized tendon pain
d. Widespread muscle fatigue only
B
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes systemic inflammation in multiple joints.