Passive Resistance
Slaves did these two things as a sign of resistance during the Middle Passage
During this time- the Middle Passage was banned. Slaves were still being kidnapped and transported over the Atlantic illegally. One ship experienced a slave revolt in which half of the crew were killed and two were captured in an attempt to return to their homeland. This case was brought to the Supreme Court and won
What is the Amistad
Enslaved man whose Supreme Court case reinforced pro-slavery constitutional interpretations and denied Black citizenship
Who is Dred Scott
Known for their terracotta sculptures
Nok Civilization
The Great Dismal Swamps secluded location and natural protection would make it a perfect environment for this group to settle
Maroon Communities
Slaves would blend their cultures, common in Africa, with other influences from outside regions
What is Syncretism
This revolution (1791–1804) was the only uprising of enslaved people that resulted in overturning a colonial, enslaving government. It transformed a European colony into a Black republic free of slavery
What is the Haitian Revolution
Underground rail road conductor and advocate for women's suffrage
Harriet Tubman
Walls constructed for religious gathers (ceremonies/worship) but also served as a means of protection- guarding them from outsiders. Arguments over their architectural ability has been historic.
Great Zimbabwe
This system- because of its minimal surveillance and ability to have slaves both congregate (come together) and build their own wealth, it would eventually lead to the Stono Rebellion
Task system
Religious songs created by enslaved African Americans, often containing coded messages of resistance and hope
What are Spirituals
Communities of runaway enslaved African Americans. Typically settled in The Great Dismal Swap (N. Caroline) and the Louisiana Bayou. Practiced guerilla warfare
What are Maroon Communities
Phillis Wheatley
Portuguese arrived to this W African Civilization and successfully converted them to Christianity through their Queen Njinga
What is the Kongo
The Haitian Revolution
The act of enslaved people choosing or retaining African names to preserves what ideas?
Identity, Agency, Autonomy, Resistance
A rebellion led by an African American overseer named Jemmy. He gathered slaves across different plantations and killed approximately 20 whites on the way to St Augustine, FL.
What is the Stono Rebellion?
Formerly enslaved author and spokesman- who spoke passionately about the Haitian Revolution but was also president of the American Anti-Slavery Society
Frederick Douglass
Collection of city-states from East Africa, Used Indian Ocean trade to connect with other regions
What is the Swahili Coast
The outcome of the Stono Rebellion along the Carolinas, were stricter laws to increase surveillance
What are Slave Codes
First-person accounts written by formerly enslaved individuals, exposing the cruelty of slavery and advocating for abolition
What is a Slave Narrative
The German Coast Uprising in 1811 is also known as-
The Louisiana Rebellion of 1811
The cost of fighting Haitians prompted this person to sell the French Louisiana Territory to the United States. This would double its size and lead to the expansion of American Slavery
Who is Napoleon?
Who was Juan Garrido
Ladino explorer of African descent who joined Spanish expeditions in the Americas and petitioned the Spanish crown for land and recognition
Their activism laid groundwork for later debates on race, gender, class.