The Black Panther Party
Founded in Oakland in 1966, the Black Panther Party outlined their core demands for justice in this famous guiding manifesto.
What is the Ten-Point Program?
In his famous 1964 speech, Malcolm X warned that if voting failed to bring equality, this method of armed self-defense would be necessary.
What is the "bullet"?
This 1954 landmark Supreme Court decision overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, ruling that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
Tommie Smith and John Carlos famously staged a silent, globally televised protest at the Summer Olympics in this year.
What is 1968?
Coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw, this essential framework describes how various forms of discrimination—like race, gender, and class—overlap and compound.
What is intersectionality?
Point 1 demanded the power for Black communities to completely control their own political and economic destiny, a concept known as this.
What is self-determination?
Malcolm X argued for shifting the focus of the struggle from a domestic civil rights issue to this broader, global framework recognized by the UN.
What are human rights?
Sparked by the arrest of Rosa Parks in 1955, this 381-day protest became a foundational victory of the Civil Rights Movement.
What is the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
During the playing of the national anthem on the podium, Smith and Carlos protested by raising these into the air.
What are black-gloved fists?
This 1970s Black feminist lesbian organization released a famous statement outlining their commitment to fighting intertwined systems of oppression.
What is the Combahee River Collective?
The Panthers forcefully demanded an immediate end to this specific form of racial violence perpetuated by law enforcement.
What is police brutality?
Malcolm X championed this political ideology, which argued for absolute Black control of the politics and economy within their own communities.
What is Black Nationalism?
Martin Luther King Jr. penned a famous letter defending the strategy of nonviolent civil disobedience while incarcerated in this Southern city.
What is Birmingham?
While the raised fists symbolized Black power and unity, the athletes purposefully wore black socks with no shoes to symbolize this.
What is Black poverty?
Originating in the Bronx in the 1970s, this cultural and musical movement became a massive global platform for Black youth expression.
What is Hip-Hop?
Because they viewed the U.S. government as oppressive, the Panthers demanded that Black men be entirely exempted from this institution.
What is the military (or the draft)?
Before departing in 1964 to adopt orthodox Sunni Islam, Malcolm X served as the charismatic national spokesman for this religious organization.
What is the Nation of Islam?
Heavily fought for during the Selma marches, this 1965 legislation outlawed discriminatory voting practices like literacy tests.
What is the Voting Rights Act?
This legendary heavyweight boxer and activist was stripped of his world title in 1967 for refusing to be drafted into the Vietnam War.
Who is Muhammad Ali?
Heavily associated with Amiri Baraka, this 1960s cultural movement is often considered the artistic sister of the Black Power Movement.
What is the Black Arts Movement?
The Panthers demanded a total overhaul of the education system so that it would teach the true nature of American society and this.
What is true African American history?
Malcolm X's philosophy laid the direct foundation for this late-1960s political and social movement, famously popularized by Stokely Carmichael.
What is Black Power?
This student-led organization coordinated the sit-in movement and Freedom Rides, becoming the driving grassroots force of the 1960s.
What is the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)?
Demonstrating an earlier era of sports integration, this athlete broke the color barrier in Major League Baseball in 1947.
Who is Jackie Robinson?
This prominent philosopher, activist, and political prisoner became a global symbol of the Black liberation struggle and prison abolition in the 1970s.
Who is Angela Davis?