The business of Slavery
Transatlantic Slave Trade
Resistance
Misc
Vocab
100
This system of labor, used primarily for crops like cotton and sugar, forced enslaved workers to labor in groups from sunup to sundown under the strict watch of an overseer
What is the Gang System
100
This approximate number of enslaved Africans were forcibly transported across the Atlantic Ocean over the 350 years the slave trade lasted.
Over 12.5 million enslaved Africans were forcibly transported to the Americas
100
The U.S Government banned the Atlantic Slave Trade in what year?
1808
100
This is the term for the first Africans, both free and enslaved, who arrived in the territory that became the United States, and were already familiar with Iberian culture and language.
What are Ladinos
100
This term describes the names of ethnic groups, racial groups, or nationalities—such as "African," "Colored," or "Black"—which African Americans used to assert their changing and sense of in the nineteenth century.
What is ethnonyms
200
This invention spurred the "cotton boom" in the early 1800s, drastically increasing U.S. production, profits, and dependency on cotton, which in turn increased the value of enslaved people as commodities.
The Cotton Gin
200
This port city in the US was considered the center of U.S. slave trading, where 48% of all Africans brought directly to the United States landed.
Charleston,SC
200
The famous 1839 revolt aboard the slave ship that resulted in a Supreme Court trial that eventually granted the Africans their freedom.
What is La Amistad
200
While the Emancipation Proclamation was issued in 1863, this constitutional amendment, ratified in December , was the event that officially and permanently throughout the entire United States.
The 13th Amendment
200
What was the difference between Chattel Slavery from the 15th century onward and traditional forms of slavery prior to that point?
Chattel slavery considered the slaves and their descendants as property in perpetuity (forever). Also, traditional slavery was typically domestic slavery where the enslaved person would be absorbed into the new culture.
300
This law, passed in Virginia in 1662 and later spreading, defined a child's legal status based on the status of their mother, thereby codifying hereditary racial slavery.
What is Partus sequitur ventrem?
300
The second, most traumatic part of the three-part journey endured by enslaved Africans, during which about 15 percent of captives perished from disease and malnourishment.
The Middle Passage
300
Identity at least two ways in which enslaved people resisted or challenged the institution of slavery
- Armed rebellions
- slow downs (intentionally working at a slower pace)
- Used poison on white masters
- Development of creole languages such as Gullah in South Carolina
- Creation of Negro spirituals
300
Name of the slave code implemented by the French and Spanish in their American colonies
Codigo Negro or Code Noir
300
African American writers sought to counter enslavers’ claims that slavery was a “____ ______” and to advance the cause of abolition.
Benign institution
400
The name for the massive forced migration of over one million African Americans from the upper South to the lower South, necessitated by the cotton boom
What is the Domestic Slave Trade (or "Second Middle Passage")?
400
In 1839, more than 30 years after the abolition of the slave trade, a Mende captive from Sierra Leone, _____________ led a group of enslaved Africans in one of the most famous revolts aboard a slave ship named La Amistad
Sengbe Pieh (Joseph Cinqué)
400
The name of the famous ship diagram by Willie Cole
Stowage
400
This term refers to physical traits, such as skin color and hair texture, that largely contribute to perceptions of racial identity, even though racial categories during the era of slavery were also defined by law, regardless of these physical features.
Phenotype
400
A fundamental concept in African American Studies asserting that race is based on biological distinctions, but rather that concepts of racial classifications emerged in tandem with systems of enslavement and oppression to justify immoral practices.
What is the social construction of race
500
This term describes how Northern cities and businesses, despite not relying directly on enslaved labor, benefited from the Southern slave-cotton system, demonstrating that enslaved labor was foundational to the entire American economy
What is economic interdependence?
500
The concept, describing the trauma of being uprooted from one's culture and environment, that enslaved people resisted through methods like hunger strikes and forming revolts on slave ships.
Deracination
500
This 1739 revolt in South Carolina, which aimed to secure sanctuary in Spanish Florida, led to the colony passing a restrictive Slave Code the following year
The Stono Rebellion
500
This was an effect of the Stono Rebellion
The South Carolina Slave Codes
500
These songs, reflecting African heritage and American identity, preserve rhythms and performance styles from West Africa and often had using biblical themes of redemption and deliverance to signal opportunities to escape via the Underground Railroad.
Negro Spirituals