Legislation
Abolition
Movement to end slavery
Race Riots
a public outbreak of violence between two racial groups in a community.
Fisk Jubilee Singers
Singers from Tennessee introduced the spirituals to the northern states and to Europe
social advancement
the process of moving up through the ranks of a class system
Tenant Farming
system of farming in which a person rents land to farm from a planter
Emancipation
the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation.
Movement to end slavery
(1896) The Court ruled that segregation was not discriminatory (did not violate black civil rights under the Fourteenth Amendemnt) provide that blacks received accommodations equal to those of whites.
Alain Locke
Leader of the "New Negro" movement and editor of The New Negro—an anthology of writings by African Americans, Art could portray all themes
social alienation
a passive form of aggression that includes behaviors such as malicious gossip, spreading negative rumors, and shunning
Disenfranchisement
the removal of the rights of citizenship through economic, political, or legal means. Taking away a person right or ability to vote
Supreme Court
the highest federal court in the United States
Compromise of 1877
Deal that settled the 1876 presidential election contest between Rutherford Hayes (Rep) & Samuel Tilden (Dem.); Hayes was awarded presidency in exchange for the permanent removal of fed. troops from the South--> ended Reconstruction
Booker T. Washington
Prominent black American, born into slavery, who believed that racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their economic value to society, was head of the Tuskegee Institute in 1881. His book "Up from Slavery." Writer of the Atlanta Compromise speec
Great Migration
Movement of African Americans from the South to the North for jobs. Movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920, but goes beyond these dates as well.
40 acres and a mule
1865 as Sherman moved through the south he issues a grant of 40 acres of farmable land and a mule to freed slaves in an attempt to solve the problems of refugees
15th Amendment (1870)
Prohibited voting restrictions based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude (enslavement)
seperate but equal
the judicial precedent established by in the Plessy v Ferguson decision that enabled states to interpret the equal protection provision of the fourteenth amendment as a means of establishing segregation
Madam C.J. Walker (Sarah Breedlove)
(1867-1919) was lauded as "the first black woman millionaire in America" for her successful line of hair care products. A talent for self-promotion helped build a booming enterprise, and she spent lavishly on luxurious homes. She developed the "Walker system" and sold her homemade products directly to black women.
Double Conciousness (DuBois)
the struggle African Americans face to remain true to black culture while at the same time conforming to the dominant white society. Internal conflict
The Color Line
a barrier—created by custom, law, and economic differences—that separated whites from nonwhites. The division of black society and white society into two different and unequal worlds.
Freedman's Bureau, 1865
Set up to help freedmen and white refugees after Civil War. Provided food, clothing, medical care, and education. First to establish schools for blacks to learn to read as thousands of teachers from the north came south to help. Lasted from 1865-72. Attacked by KKK and other southerners as "carpetbaggers" Encouraged former plantation owners to rebuild their plantations, urged freed Blacks to gain employment, kept an eye on contracts between labor and management
Ku Klux Klan
A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights. founded in the 1860s in the south; meant to control newly freed slaves through threats and violence; other targets: Catholics, Jews, immigrants and others thought to be un-American.
Ida B. Wells-Barnett
Born to slave parents in Mississippi; journalist the championed civil rights; fought for equality of women and African Americans; began anti-lynching campaign and got involved with women's suffrage movement; With Jane Addams she fought to end segregated schools; later one of founders of NAACP; became one of first African Americans to run for public office
The Souls of Black Folks
A book of essay's written by W. E. B. DuBois to challenge Booker T. Washington's views on race relations in US. In 1905, Du Bois founded the Niagara Movement as an organized response to Booker T. Washington's policies of accommodation and conciliation. The Niagara Movement aimed to counteract Washington's influence over the black community and in its manifesto declared its intention to "claim for ourselves every single right that belongs to a freeborn American, political, civil and social."
Atlanta Compromise Speech
speech made by Booker T. Washington and the International Cotton exposition which called for blacks to become proficient in agriculture, mechanics, and commerce, and for whites to trust blacks and provide opportunities for them to be successful economically. given by BTW to ease whites' fears of integration, assuring them that separate but equal was acceptable.