Emancipation and the Civil War
What was the name of the executive order issued by Abraham Lincoln that declared enslaved people in Confederate states free?
Emancipation Proclamation
What was the name of the laws enacted in the South to restrict African American freedom after the Civil War?
Black Codes
What religious institution played a central role in African American communities during Reconstruction?
The Black Church
What was the name of the white supremacist group founded in 1865 that terrorized African Americans?
The Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
What artistic movement in the early 20th century celebrated Black culture and identity?
Harlem Renaissance
What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau, and how did it assist newly freed African Americans?
It provided food, housing, education, and legal assistance to formerly enslaved individuals
What were the Reconstruction Amendments?
13,14, and 15
What was the first historically Black college founded in the U.S.?
Cheyney University (1837)
What was "convict leasing," and how did it affect African Americans?
A system where Black prisoners were forced to work under brutal conditions.
What was "Jim Crow"?
A system of racial segregation laws in the South.
What role did enslaved people play during the Civil War?
Many fled to Union lines, provided intelligence, sabotaged plantations, and even joined the Union Army.
This act, passed in 1866, granted citizenship to African Americans and provided them equal protection under the law.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
What was W.E.B. Du Bois' concept of the "Talented Tenth"?
The idea that a small, educated Black elite should lead the fight for civil rights.
What was the impact of lynching on Black communities in the late 19th century?
It was used as a tool of racial terror to enforce white supremacy, suppress Black political and economic progress, and instill fear.
Who was Marcus Garvey, and what was the UNIA?
Garvey was a Black nationalist leader who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA).
What was Special Field Order No. 15, and how did it relate to land redistribution?
Issued by General Sherman, it promised 40 acres and a mule to freed families, but the land was later returned to former Confederate owners.
What did the 13, 14, and 15 Amendments do?
The 13th (abolished slavery), 14th (citizenship and equal protection), and 15th (voting rights for Black men).
What was the role of mutual aid societies in Black communities?
They provided financial and social support to African Americans
What was the significance of the Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court decision?
It upheld racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine, legitimizing Jim Crow laws.
What was the Great Migration?
The mass movement of African Americans from the South to the North for economic opportunities.
What was the role of the Underground Railroad during the Civil War?
It continued to help enslaved people escape to free states and Canada, with some conductors, like Harriet Tubman, also aiding the Union as spies.
What economic system replaced slavery in the South and often kept Black farmers in cycles of debt?
Sharecropping
How did Black newspapers contribute to the fight for civil rights?
They informed and mobilized communities against racism and injustice.
Who was Ida B. Wells, and what was her role in the anti-lynching movement?
A journalist and activist who documented and fought against lynching.
How did Black women contribute to the early civil rights movement?
They organized clubs, fought for suffrage, and led community initiatives.