Replication
Transcription
Translation
Gene Regulation
Free-for-all
100
Through centrifugation of bacteria culture containing a 15N, Meselson and Stahl proved this model of DNA replication, in which two strands of the parental molecule separate, and each of which is a template for a new, complementary strand.
What is SEMICONSERVATIVE replication?
100
These intervening, noncoding sequences of nucleic acid lie between coding regions.
What are INTRONS?
100
This molecule is synthesized at the ribosome, where mRNA joins together with amino acid-bearing tRNAs. This molecule builds into a long chain as it is assembled at the peptidyl-tRNA, aminoacyl-tRNA, and exit sites.
What is a POLYPEPTIDE?
100
Name this term for a cancer-causing gene.
What an ONCOGENE?
100
Eukaryotic DNA has multiple origins of replication, while prokaryotic DNA has this amount.
What is ONE?
200
DNA polymerase III adds nucleotides to the leading strand in this direction.
What is a 5'-->3'?
200
After this promoter DNA sequence is bound to by transcription factors and RNA polymerase II, the transcription initiation complex is activated.
What is the TATA BOX?
200
When the ribosome reaches this sequence, either UAG, UAA, or UGA, the A site accepts a release factor.
What is a STOP CODON?
200
This is the study of inheritance of traits transmitted by mechanisms not directly involving the nucleotide sequence of a genome.
What is EPIGENETICS?
200
These genes code for proteins that stimulate normal cell growth and division.
What are PROTO-ONCOGENES?
300
This enzyme assists in adding the TTAGGG nucleotide sequence to the end of human DNA molecules, protecting genes from erosion after rounds of DNA replication.
What is TELOMERASE?
300
These tiny particles, along with other proteins, form a spliceosome that cuts out introns and brings exons together.
What is a SMALL NUCLEAR RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS (snRNPs)?
300
This family of enzymes matches up tRNA with its corresponding amino acid.
What is a AMINOACYL-tRNA SYNTHETASE?
300
This process of adding a functional group to DNA can lead to the long-term inactivation of genes.
What is DNA METHYLATION?
300
This tumor-suppressor gene encodes a transcription factor that promotes the synthesis of cell cycle-inhibiting proteins.
What is p53?
400
After helicase unwinds DNA, this enzyme helps relieve the strain from “overwinding” ahead of replication forks by breaking, swiveling, and rejoining DNA strands.
What is TOPOISOMERASE?
400
These two nucleotide sequences are modified to the beginning and end of the mRNA. They help export mature mRNA out of the nucleus to the ribosome while protecting it from hydrolytic degradation. Name either.
What is the 5' CAP or POLY-A TAIL?
400
This effect occurs through flexible base pairing, which is when synonymous codons may differ in their third base yet can match up with the same amino acid.
What is WOBBLE?
400
These are maternal substances in the egg that influence the course of early development.
What are CYTOPLASMIC DETERMINANTS?
400
In its hyperactive state, this G protein trigger cell signaling cascades even in the absence of growth factor, resulting in increased cell division.
What is Ras?
500
The spontaneous loss of amino acid groups from adenine results in hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, opposite thymine in DNA. Name one molecule that could repair such damage.
What is NUCLEASE, DNA POLYMERASE, or DNA LIGASE?
500
Using your notes/a chart, identify a 5’-->3’ sequence of nucleotides in the DNA template strand for an mRNA coding for the polypeptide sequence Ser-Trp-His.
What is UCU/UCC/UCA/UCG-UGG-CAU/CAC?
500
Sickle-cell disease is caused by a point mutation in valine, resulting in this amino acid instead.
What is GLUTAMIC ACID (Glu)?
500
These genes encode proteins that help prevent uncontrolled cell growth.
What are TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENES?
500
The trp operon encodes enzymes for making an essential amino acid. What does the amino acid act as?
What is a COREPRESSOR?
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