DNA/RNA Structure
DNA and DNA Replication
Protein Synthesis I
Protein Synthesis II
Miscellaneous
100
This is what DNA stands for
Deoxyribonucleic acid
100
A section of DNA that provides the code to build a protein
gene
100
Quadruple points
Write the flow chart that describes the genetic code.
DNA --> RNA --> Protein
100
Identify the two stages of protein synthesis is the correct order.
1. transcription
2. translation
100
Triple Points and point donation
In prokaryotes, there is usually a single ________ chromosome that contains the organism's genome, whereas in eukaryotes, there are generally multiple __________ chromosomes that contain most of the organism's genome.
circular
linear
200
What are the building blocks (monomers) that compose DNA and RNA?
Nucleotides
200
What makes up the “sides” of the DNA ladder?
Alternating sugar and phosphate units
200
What type of RNA is made by transcription?
mRNA
200
Double Points and Point Donation
What are the two specific areas where ribosomes can be found in cells?
floating in the cytoplasm
attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum
200
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
300
The two strands of the DNA double helix run in opposite directions. Which word describes this directionality?
antiparallel
300
Point donation
One of the main functions of DNA is to provide the code to make _______.
The main function of DNA replication is to ________ genetic information from one _________ to the next.
proteins
transmit/pass
generation
300
What type of RNA is involved in translation by bringing the correct amino acid to the ribosome?
tRNA
300
Where does protein synthesis take place?
ribosome
300
A sequence of three nitrogen bases is called a _____ and is the code for one _____ which is the building block of proteins.
Codon
Amino Acid
400
Double points
The sugar found in DNA is______. The sugar found in RNA is ______________
deoxyribose,
ribose
400
Identify the parts of the nucleotide
1 = phosphate
2 = sugar
3 = nitrogen base
400
What TWO things are ribosomes made of?
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins
400
Point donation
The first mRNA codon is methionine and it's called the _____ codon. Its bases are ____. The last mRNA codon is called the _____ codon.
start
AUG
stop
400
The region on DNA where RNA polymerase binds in order to transcribe a gene.
promoter
500
Name the three components of the nucleotides that compose DNA.
deoxyribose sugar, nitrogen base, and phosphate
500
What about DNA, specifically, determines the specific proteins and traits found within each organism?
the order of bases
500
In eukaryotes, the function of mRNA is to carry the protein building instructions from the ____ in the ____ to a ____ located in the _____.
DNA
Nucleus
Ribosome
Cytoplasm
500
What is transcription?
Transcription is the process of forming a strand of RNA from a DNA template.
500
1. Weak bonds that occur between the bases in DNA
2. Strong bonds that occur between the amino acids in a polypeptide
3. the base found in RNA, but not in DNA
1. hydrogen bonds
2. peptide bonds
3. uracil
600
What is the base pair rule for DNA and RNA?
DNA: A--T, C--G
RNA: A --U, C--G
600
1. DNA replication occurs during which phase of the cell cycle?
2. What type of relatively weak chemical bonds must be broken between the nitrogenous bases in DNA in order for replication to occur?
1.interphase
2.hydrogen bonds
600
Transcribe the following DNA sequence into RNA:
3' ATA CAA GCT 5'
5' UAU GUU CGA 3'
600
Point donation
A protein's _________ determines its __________.
structure, function
600
Identify the following enzymes based on their functions:
1. unwinds DNA during replication
2. builds new strands of DNA during replication
3. joins DNA fragments on the lagging strand
4. builds mRNA during transcription
1. helicase
2. DNA polymerase
3. ligase
4. RNA polymerase
700
Retroviruses use _____ as their main genetic information. This means that when they infect a host cell they must use the enzyme _______ to synthesize viral DNA in order to create more viral RNA and proteins.
RNA, reverse transcriptase
700
During DNA replication each strand of the double helix serves as a _________ to build a complementary strand. The result is that each DNA molecule is made of one new and one ________ strand. For this reason, the process is considered ______________.
template,
original/old,
semiconservative
700
Translate the following codons into the correct amino acids:
AUG GGG CUA ACG UAG
Met Gly Leu Thr Stop
700
Identify the three main types of RNA and and briefly describe what each does.
mRNA: takes message from DNA to ribosomes in order to provide the code to build a protein
tRNA: brings amino acids to the ribosome in the correct order
rRNA: ribosomal RNA makes up ribosomes and helps to build proteins properly
700
Identify the main events of RNA processing.
*A 5' cap and 3' poly-A tail are added to mRNA
*Introns are removed and exons are spliced together