Chemistry of Life and Cellular Basics
What are the 4 macromolecules
Lipids, Protiens, Carbohydrates, and Nucleic Acids
What binds to the active site on a receptor enzyme?
A Ligand
Where does photosynthesis take place?
In the chloroplast
What is DNA?
The molecule that carries genetic information.
What is natural selection?
The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce.
What allows large positive molecules to pass through the plasma membrane?
Mb-bound protiens
What are the different types of signaling within/ between a cell(s)?
Autocrine, Endocrine, Synapse, Paracrine
What is chlorophyll?
The pigment that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
What is transcription?
The process of making RNA from a DNA template.
What is carrying capacity?
The maximum population size an environment can sustain.
What elements are most prevalent in organic macromolecules?
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfer Nitrogen
What activates a phosphorylation cascade and what is it?
A ligand binding to an enzyme activates a series of second messangers to relay the signal through the cell.
What are the light dependant reactions?
The stage of photosynthesis that produces ATP and NADPH.
What is translation?
The process of assembling proteins from mRNA.
What is mutualism?
A relationship where both species benefit.
What is the function of hydrolysis?
To break apart molecules that are connected via dehydration synthesis.
What is noncompetitive inhibition?
This type of inhibition occurs when a molecule binds somewhere other than the active site, changing enzyme shape.
What are products of the calvin cycle?
Uses CO₂ to produce G3P, a sugar
What happens in the S phase of the cell cycle?
The phase of the cell cycle when DNA is replicated.
What is logistic growth?
Type of population growth slows as it approaches carrying capacity.
Name the 6 main functional groups.
Hydroxyl, Carbonyl, Carboxyl, Amino, Phosphate, Sulfhydryl
Second messenger that is produced from ATP and amplifies signals inside the cell.
What is chemiostasis?
This process uses a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane to generate ATP.
Meiosis vs Mitosis
Meiosis, one gamate produces genetically unique daughter cells.
Mitosis, one parent cell creates two identical daughter cells.
Describe the difference between primary and secondary sucession.
Primary- comes from a place with no soil and creates a new ecosystem.
Secondary- after a major event that wipes out specied, soil is still present