Chemistry of Life (Chem, pH, Water, Macromolecules)
More H+ concentration results in (higher or lower?) pH levels
What is...
LOWER
The types of molecules that can pass through the cell membrane unassisted most easily
What is...
Small and hydrophobic/uncharged
The site on the enzyme where the substrate binds to
And the type of structural change the enzyme goes through to properly fit to the specific structure of the substrate
What is...
Active Site, Conformational change
Products of photosynthesis
What is...
Glucose, Oxygen
This phase takes up 90% of the cell cycle
What is...
Interphase
The two types of secondary protein structures
What is...
Beta-pleated sheets & Alpha helices
Muscle cells require large amounts of energy to function. The cellular organelle most likely found in high concentrations in muscle cells is...
What is...
Mitochondria
TRUE OR FALSE
Once an enzyme is denatured, it is able to return back to its original structure
What is...
True
The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain
Oxygen
A cell has reached full maturity, is fully differentiated, and no longer divides. The stage that the cell is most likely in is...
What is...
G0
Why water is polar (WHY does it have an unequal charge?)
What is...
Oxygens electronegativity
TRUE OR FALSE...
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA, have their own ribosomes, and are found in all eukaryotic cells
What is...
FALSE
Similar in shape to the substrate, binds to the active site and lowers the rate of the enzymes activity
What are...
Competitive inhibitors
As electrons move across the ETC from PSII to PSI, they're energy is released. This energy is used for...
What is...
Proton gradient / Chemiosmosis
The role of Kinases in signal transduction (and in general)
What is...
Phosphorylation of molecules
The part of the amino acid that characterizes it
What is...
R group/Side chain
Which of the following solutions has the highest water potential?
(A) 0.5 molar glucose at a temperature of 21°C
(B) 0.75 molar fructose at a temperature of 21°C
(C) 1.0 molar sucrose at a temperature of 21°C
(D) 1.25 molar lactose at a temperature of 21°C
What is...
A
How the effect of competitive inhibitors is diluted
What is...
Increase concentration of substrate
(500) The final enzyme at the end of the light dependent reactions, reduces NADP+ to NADPH
What is...
NADP+ reductase
The stage of the cell cycle where the cleavage furrow / cell plate is formed
What is...
Telophase / Cytokinesis
How does the bicarbonate buffer system resist changes to pH levels in cells/blood?
What is...
Bicarbonate accepts H+ when there's too much
Carbonic acid donates H+ when there's too little
Given that photosynthesis stores light energy as chemical potential energy, which process occuring within mitochondria is analagous in terms of transferring stores chemical potential back to kinetic?
What is...
Oxidative phosphorylation
The exergonic breakdown of ATP into ADP releases more than enough energy to power the formation of sucrose from glucose and fructose
This is an example of a __________ reaction
What is...
Coupled reaction
(600) The three stages of the Calvin Cycle, and what happens during each stage
Fixation: Add a carbon to RuBP. 6 carbon molecule is unstable so it splits into two 3 carbon molecules
Reduction: The three carbon molecules r reduced by NADPH (from light dependent reactions).
Regeneration: RuBP is regenerated by re-arranging G3P
During signal transduction, this enzyme produces the secondary messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) from ATP
What is...
Adenylyl cyclase