BASIC CHEMISTRY
These 6 elements make up 98% of the average human's body weight.
What are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorous?
These are the four classes of organic compounds
What are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acid?
This type of bond is how saturated fats and unsaturated fats are distinguished from one another.
What is a double bond between two carbon atoms?
These are the three parts of modern-day cell theory.
What is all organisms are made of cells, the cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms, and cells can only come from preexisting cells?
Every energy transformation in the universe increases this measurement of disorganization.
This rule states that main-group elements tend to bond in such a way that each atom has eight electrons in its valence shell, giving it the same electronic configuration as a noble gas
What is the octet rule?
Organic compounds that contain this functional group are both polar and acidic.
What is a carboxyl group? -COOH
Steroids, unlike all other lipids, have this unique structure that is not comprised of a long carbon chain.
What is four carbon rings?
These proteins that are integral to the phospholipid bilayer are used for cell-to-cell recognition.
What are glycoproteins?
These are the three types of work that ATP's high energy phosphate bond is used for.
What is transport, chemical work, and mechanical work?
This type of bond in water is the cause of behaviors such as adhesion and cohesion, water's high heat capacity, its high surface tension, its liquid form being less dense than its frozen form, and its high heat of vaporization.
What is a hydrogen bond?
What are structural isomers, geometric isomers, and enantiomers?
These two functional groups are on the opposite sides of all proteins.
What are amino groups and carboxyls?
What are the mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Enzymes aid chemical reactions by lowering this, the amount of effort it takes for a reaction to occur.
What is the activation energy?
The addition of this ion to a solution will increase its pH.
What is hydroxide?
This "break-down" reaction releases a water molecule every time it occurs and is the way that breakage of the backbone of DNA can occur.
What is hydrolysis?
These are the two different forms secondary structure can take in proteins.
What are the alpha helix and beta pleated sheet?
This enzyme-rich gel-like structure on the outside of the bacterial cell envelope is useful for protection.
What is the glycoalyx?
This term for a small amount of a radioactive isotope in a sample that is used to detect molecular changes is also a the name of a character in the video game Overwatch.
What is a tracer?
This type of lipid is used for protection and for the prevention of water loss in plants.
What is a wax?
This bond is what forms the globular structure of tertiary structured proteins.
What is a disulfide bond?
This is where ribosomes are synthesized out of rRNA and proteins.
These are the organic non-protein molecules that are necessary for some enzymes to become active.
What are coenzymes?