PROPERTIES OF WATER
Which property allows water molecules to stick to each other due to hydrogen bonding?
Cohesion
What monomers make up proteins?
Amino acids
Which organelle produces ATP?
mitochondria
Movement of molecules from high to low concentration without energy.
Diffusion
Enzymes speed reactions by lowering what?
Activation energy
Which property allows water to climb narrow tubes against gravity?
Capillary action
Which macromolecule stores genetic information?
Nucleic acids
What determines whether a ribosome is free or bound?
Signal peptide
Transport requiring a protein but no energy.
Facilitated diffusion
Which model describes how enzymes change shape to bind substrates?
Induced fit model
Which property allows water to resist rapid temperature changes?
High specific heat
What bond forms between two monosaccharides during dehydration synthesis?
Glycosidic linkage
Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins?
Golgi apparatus
The sodium‑potassium pump is an example of what type of transport?
Active transport
A molecule that binds to the active site and blocks substrate binding.
Competitive inhibitor
Why does ice float on liquid water from a molecular standpoint?
Ice is less dense due to hydrogen‑bond spacing.
Why are phospholipids amphipathic?
Hydrophilic heads + hydrophobic tails
Name two membrane‑bound organelles absent in prokaryotes.
Nucleus and mitochondria
A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will do what?
Gain water and swell
Enzymes denature when these two environmental factors change drastically.
Temperature and pH
What property allows water to dissolve ionic and polar substances?
Universal solvent
Which level of protein structure is stabilized by R‑group interactions?
Tertiary structure
Which structure increases surface area for absorption in intestinal epithelial cells?
Microvilli
Bulk transport of large molecules into the cell via vesicles.
Endocytosis
Feedback inhibition occurs when what binds to an allosteric site?
End product of the pathway