Replication
Transcription
Translation
History of DNA
Operons
100
This enzyme synthesizes an RNA primer at the 5’ end of the leading strand and fragments of the lagging strand.
What is PRIMASE?
100
This mRNA sequence of three nucleotides codes for 26 possible amino acids.
What is a CODON?
100
This nucleotide triplet base-pairs with a complementary codon on mRNA.
What is an ANTICODON?
100
These scientists successfully built models of DNA as a double helix.
Who are JAMES WATSON and FRANCIS CRICK?
100
This segment of DNA controls the access of RNA polymerase to genes. It acts as the on-off switch for the synthesis of many enzymes at one time.
What is an OPERATOR?
200
This enzyme unwinds the parental double helix at the replication fork.
What is HELICASE?
200
This enzyme pries the two strands of DNA apart and joins the RNA nucleotides as they base-pair along the DNA template.
What is RNA POLYMERASE II?
200
This complex of rRNA and protein molecules functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
What is a RIBOSOME?
200
This scientist analyzed the number of different bases in a DNA sample, coming up with the base-pairing rules A=T and G=C.
Who is ERWIN CHARGAFF?
200
This nucleotide sequence in DNA is where RNA polymerase binds and starts transcription.
What is a PROMOTER?
300
These proteins stabilize single-stranded DNA until it can be used as a template.
What are SINGLE-STRANDED BINDING PROTEINS?
300
This is the DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches and initiates transcription.
What is a PROMOTER?
300
In this step of translation, amino acids are added one by one to the preceding amino acid. This step entails codon recognition, peptide bond formation, and translocation.
What is ELONGATION?
300
This scientist used x-ray diffraction to conclude that the sugar-phosphate backbones are on the outside of the double helix, a major contribution to the structural model of DNA.
Who is ROSALIND FRANKLIN?
300
This protein binds to DNA and inhibits the transcription of a gene.
What is a REPRESSOR?
400
This enzyme removes RNA nucleotides of primer from the 5’ end and replaces them with DNA nucleotides.
What is DNA POLYMERASE I?
400
In bacteria, this is the DNA sequence that signals the end of transcription.
What is a TERMINATOR?
400
This source of genetic biodiversity is the chemical change in a single base pair of a gene.
What is a POINT MUTATION?
400
In his work with pneumonia-causing bacteria and mice, this scientist found that some substance from pathogenic cells was transferred to nonpathogenic cells, making them pathogenic.
Who is FREDERICK GRIFFITH?
400
In negative gene regulation, this type of molecule inactivates the repressor, thus promoting the synthesis of enzymes that metabolize lactose.
What is an INDUCER?
500
A biochemist isolates and purifies molecules needed for DNA replication. When she adds some DNA, replication occurs, but each DNA molecule consists of a normal strand paired with numerous segments of DNA a few hundred nucleotides long. Name this substance which she has probably left out of the mixture.
What is DNA LIGASE?
500
This is the process by which enzymes in the eukaryotic nucleus modify pre-mRNA before it is dispatched to the cytoplasm.
What is RNA PROCESSING/SPLICING?
500
These small single-stranded RNA molecules regulate gene expression. They can cause the degradation of target mRNA and block its translation.
What is micro-RNA (miRNA)?
500
These scientists labeled T2 phages with radioactive sulfur to tag protein and phosphorus to DNA. They concluded that DNA, not protein, functions as the genetic material that phage T2 propagates in e.coli cells.
Who are ALFRED HERSHEY and MARTHA CHASE?
500
When glucose in the body is scarce, the high level of of cAMP activates this regulatory protein, which attaches to the lac promoter.
What is CATABOLITE ACTIVATOR PROTEIN (CAP)?
M
e
n
u