Vocabulary
G1, G2, & S
Mitosis
Regulation
Cancer
100
Cells that divide during mitosis (not gametes).
What are somatic cells
100
A certain species has 28 chromosomes in each of its newly formed daughter cells. The parent cells during G1 had this many chromosomes.
What is 28
100
This phase concludes nuclear division.
What is telophase
100
When a cell grows this increases to a point that the cell needs to divide in order to remain healthy.
What is surface-to-volume ratio
100

Cancer cells do not undergo this term for programmed cell death 

What is apoptosis

200
Sometimes described as a "full set" of chromosomes.
What is Diploid
200
Chromatid pairs first form during S phase, however this phase marks the last time they are together.
What is metaphase
200
Longest stage of mitosis
What is metaphase
200
This abbreviation describes a class of enzymes that activate proteins which control the cell cycle through phosphorylation.
What are Cdk's
200

This forms when cells do not exhibit contact inhibition and pile up on top of each other

What is a tumor

300
Animal cells have these located in their centrosomes
What are centrioles
300
Certain types of cells, like nerve cells, are said to be "stuck" in this phase.
What is G0
300
During prophase the nucleoli disappears, chromosomes condense, centrosomes move away from each other, and this begins to form.
What is mitotic spindle
300
These can be produced by damaged cells to initiate cell division by binding to nearby receptors of healthy cells. 50 of them are known.
What are growth factors
300

The process where tumor cells direct the growth of new blood vessels into the tumor

What is angiogenesis

400
Most cells only divide when they are attached to an external surface, such as the flat surface of a neighboring cell.
What is Anchorage dependence.
400
Here the accuracy of DNA replication is evaluated and signals whether or not to begin mitosis.
What is the G2 Checkpoint
400
Lengthen during anaphase
What are nonkinetochore microtubules
400
Many cells stop dividing when surrounded by a large quantity of other cells.
What is density-dependent inhibition
400

Two tumor suppressor genes 

What are p53 and RB

500
A cleavage furrow forms in animal cells due to these.
What are microfilaments (actin)
500
This triggers the cell's passage past the G2 checkpoint into mitosis.
What is MPF
500
Monomer of microtubules
What is tubulin
500

All kinetochores must form in metaphase before a protein is activated that aids in the separation of sister chromatids during anaphase. This event can be described as this general "trigger" of cell regulation.

What is an internal factor or M checkpoint

500

The ends of chromosomes are lengthened by this enzyme.  

What is telomerase. 

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