Diffusion
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
What is the main purpose of photosynthesis?
To convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
What is the primary function of cellular respiration?
To convert glucose into ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell.
What type of transport is diffusion classified as?
Passive transport.
What structure in plant cells prevents them from bursting during osmosis?
The cell wall.
What pigment is responsible for capturing light energy in plants?
Chlorophyll.
In which organelle does cellular respiration primarily occur?
The mitochondria.
What is the process by which plants lose water vapor through their leaves?
Transpiration.
What is facilitated diffusion?
The process of spontaneous passive transport of molecules across a membrane via specific transmembrane proteins.
What is the term for a solution with a lower solute concentration compared to another solution?
Hypotonic.
Name the two stages of photosynthesis.
Light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions).
What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle (Citric Acid Cycle), and Electron Transport Chain.
What is the term for the genetic material found in the nucleus of a cell?
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid).
What is the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
Simple diffusion does not require membrane proteins, while facilitated diffusion does.
What is the term for a solution with a higher solute concentration compared to another solution?
Hypertonic.
In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle take place?
The stroma.
What molecule is the final electron acceptor in the Electron Transport Chain?
Oxygen.
What is the name of the process where cells divide to form two identical daughter cells?
Mitosis.
How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?
Higher temperatures increase the rate of diffusion.
What term describes the pressure that needs to be applied to prevent osmosis?
Osmotic pressure.
What is the enzyme responsible for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?
RuBisCO (Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase).
What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced during glycolysis?
2 ATP molecules.
What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine.