Scientific Method
A proposed explanation or prediction for an experiment
Hypothesis
In DNA,
- A will always bond with ___
- C will always bond with___
A with T, C with G
All energy in EVERY ecosystem originally comes from here
The sun
A change in the DNA sequence that can have positive, negative, or no effects
Mutation
The cell membrane has this many layers of phospholipids
2
(its a "Bilayer", Bi= 2)
A group of ficus trees is exposed to three different colors of light. Their height is measured over a month.
What is the independent variable?
Different colors of light
What is one difference between DNA and RNA?
- Single stranded vs Double Stranded
- ATGC vs AUGC
- Can leave the nucleus vs CANNOT leave the nucleus
These are organisms that produce all of their own energy/food.
There is a tornado that runs through a population of badgers and decreases the population size dramatically.
The tornado is an example of a _______ factor.
A. Density Dependent
B. Density Independent
B. Density Independent
The tornado will affect the population no matter how dense it is! It is unrelated to population size. (examples of density dependent= disease, amount of food, amount of shelter)
A ____________solution is one that has a HIGH concentration of solute.
Example: Salt water
Hypertonic
A group of ficus trees is exposed to three different colors of light. Their height is measured over a month.
What is the dependent variable?
Height of the ficus trees
What DNA would match to the following strand?
ATG CTA AAT
TAC GAT TTA
Remora fish swim next to sharks. The fish get a faster ride through the ocean. Sharks are not affected by the interaction.
This is an example of
A. Mutualism
B. Parasitism
C. Commensalism
C. Commensalism
One organism benefits, the other is unaffected
Is this statement true or false?
Natural selection is when the environment changes, and animals choose to mutate so they can survive better.
FALSE
Those mutations were always there, the environment changing just determines which organisms will better be able to survive and reproduce
A. Hydrophobic, Hydrophilic
B. Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic
B. The hydrophilic heads face out (where they will interact with water). They hydrophobic tails face in (where they are shielded from water)
A group of ficus trees is exposed to three different colors of light. Their height is measured over a month.
What is a constant in this experiment?
All ficus trees, same amount of light, same water, same growing environment, etc.
In transcription, the DNA strand below would be changed to matching RNA.
CGG AGA TTT
What would the matching strand of RNA be?
GCC UCU AAA
An eagle eats a rabbit. The rabbit had 1000 J of available energy. How much available energy will the eagle have?
100 J
REMEMBER: It decreases 10% each level
These must already be present in a population in order for Natural Selection to occur.
Mutations, Variation, Different Traits, Different Organisms, Environmental Pressures
A bag with a concentration of 30% sugar is placed in an environment with a concentration of 10% sugar.
The environment is_________ to the bag.
A. Hypertonic
B. Isotonic
C. Hypotonic
C. Hypotonic
On a scientific graph, the independent variable goes on the ____ axis and the dependent variable goes on the ___ axis.
x axis, y axis
horizontal, vertical
What type of mutation would be worse?
A. A mutation that replaces a single nucleotide in the last codon of an RNA strand (C--> A)
B. A mutation that deletes two nucleotides in the second codon of an RNA strand (CAA--> C)
B. Because it happens early in the sequence, it will affect ALL the coding after it.
Because it deletes two nucleotides, it will also shift the "reading frame" and mess up all following amino acids
Eagles eat rabbits. Rabbits eat mice. Mice eat grass.
Eagles are an example of _________ consumers.
Tertiary
In this type of natural selection, medium/heterozygous phenotypes are selected for.
A. Stabilizing
B. Directional
C. Disruptive
A. Stabilizing
If you were injected with pure water (a hypotonic solution) in the emergency room, your cells would_________.
Explode/Burst/Fill up with water