properties of water
formed when 2 electrons are shared between atoms
what are covalent bonds
four elements common to all living organisms
what is CHONP (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus)
short term energy storage
what are carbohydrates
--NH2
what is amino group
allows water to travel up plants
what is (cohesion + adhesion=)capillary action
reason why carbon can bond with four other atoms
what is carbon's atomic number of six (it needs four more electrons to fill its outer shell and fulfill the octet rule)
bond linking carbohydrates
what is glycosidic
--OH
what is hydroxyl group
two main molecules that make up biological membranes
What are phospholipids and proteins
elements of water and the ratio
what are hydrogen and oxygen; 1:2
weak attractions between molecules
what are London dispersion forces
provide the monomer, bond, function, and an example of nucleic acids
what are nucleotides, genetic info., DNA and RNA
carbonyl vs carboxyl
Carbonyl: polar, ketone/aldehyde, >C=O
Carboxyl: polar, acts as an acid, carboxylic acid/organic acid, --COOH
--SH
what is sulfhydryl
hydrogen bonds are formed between what kinds of molecules
what are 2 polar/positive and negative molecules
breaks the bond of two monomers by adding a water molecule
what is hydrolysis
bond linking proteins
what is phosphodiester
where is the methyl group in R--CH3
What is --CH3
structure of an amino acid
what is amino group, R group, carboxyl group
Name the properties of water (8)
what is high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, universal solvent, evaporative cooling, surface tension, cohesion, adhesion, capillary action
creates a bond between two monomers by releasing a water molecule
what is dehydration synthesis
saturated vs unsaturated fat bonds
saturated: single bond between carbon atoms, solid at room temperature, straight, ex. butter
unsaturated: at least 1 double bond, bent tail, liquid at room temperature, ex. olive oil
phosphate chemical group
what is --OPO32
what would happen if a polar R molecule got switched out for a nonpolar R molecule
The molecule would fold in and no longer be compatible with the signal molecule/the function would change