Genetics
Metabolism
Plant Life
Ecology
Labs
100
What is the central dogma?
DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation
100
Does anaerobic or aerobic respiration produce more ATP?
Aerobic
100
What are nonvascular plants called?
Bryophytes
100
Define population density
It describes how many individuals are in a given area
100
How does the Surface Area/Volume ratio affect diffusion
high SA/Volume ratio means a higher diffusion rate
200
Name the bond that forms between nucleotide groups.
A phosphodiester bond forms between nucleotides to form nucleic acids.
200
Where does the Krebs cycle occur?
Matrix of the mitochondria
200
What are the two major types of vascular tissue?
Xylem (transfers water), Phloem (transfers nutrients)
200
Distinguish between mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
Commensalism. One organism benefits while the other is unaffected. Mutualism. Both organisms reap benefits from the interaction. Parasitism. One organism benefits at the other's expense.
200
What do the DNA fragments on Gel Electrophoresis tell you about the size of each individual DNA fragment
larger fragments don't move as far, shorter fragments move farther
300
Explain the significance of hydrogen bonds in DNA helices.
Hydrogen bonds dictate the complementary base pairing that aligns anti-parallel nucleic acids strands in a DNA helix.
300
What are the end products of glycolysis?
2 Pyruvate, 2 H2O, 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 H+
300
What do fertilized polar bodies form in seeds?
The endosperm
300
What is the difference between a photoautotroph and a chemoautotroph?
Photoautotrophs (photosynthetic autotrophs) start the earth's food chain by converting the energy of light into the energy of life. Chemoautotrophs (chemosynthetic autotrophs) release energy through the movement of electrons in oxidation reactions.
300
What are 3 variables that can be manipulated to alter the rate of photosynthesis and also describe
light intensity, light wavelength, and temperature
400
Why is the genetic code said to be "degenerate"?
There are more codon combinations than there are amino acids. The genetic code is degenerate because more than one codon sequence can code for the same amino acid.
400
Where does most of the water formed during cell respiration come from?
Electron Transfer Phosphorylation (when O2 accepts electrons at the end of the chain, it joins with protons to form water)
400
What is the defining characteristic of gymnosperms?
Unenclosed seeds, stored in cones
400
What is coevolution?
Coevolution is mutual evolution between two species and is often seen in predator-prey relationships.
400
What is the formula for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and what does each variable stand for?
p^2-2pq+q^2=1, p= Dominant allele , q= recessive allele, pq= heterozygotes
500
In the mismatch repair system, how does the exonuclease distinguish which base is the correct one?
Adenine bases that are located on the original or parent DNA strand are methylated during replication. When the mismatch repair exonuclease finds a mismatched base pair, it removes the base that is on the strand that lacks methylated adenines.
500
Which region of a mitochondrion has the lowest pH?
Intermembrane space
500
What are the three basic types of tropism? Also, give a short definition of each.
Phototropism (response to light stimuli, grow towards light), Gravitropism (response to gravity, grow upwards), Thigmotropism (response to touch, some plants grow on or around surfaces)
500
Distinguish between the three main types of dispersion patterns that populations have.
Clumped: the individuals live in packs that are spaced out from each other Uniform: the individuals are evenly spaced out across a geographic area Random: the species are randomly distributed across a geographic area
500
Name all 5 conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium to be met
random mating, large population, no migration, no mutations, no natural selection
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