Atoms
The number of protons in the nucleus is called the:
Atomic number
Matter takes up space and has __________.
mass
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
when electrons are shared equally by two atoms
What is a hydrogen bond?
attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom
What are ions?
positively and negatively charged atoms
What are the three subatomic particles that exist in an atom:
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom.
element
Major 4 elements that are essential for life:
Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, & Nitrogen
What is the Periodic Table?
A table that shows the elements: specifically their symbol, their atomic number, and their atomic mass; elements with similar chemical properties are grouped together.
What are radioactive isotopes?
An unstable form of a chemical element that releases energy in the form of radiation as it breaks down and becomes more stable
What is a polar covalent bond?
Unequal sharing of electrons between 2 atoms
Negatively charged subatomic particles are called ___
electrons
The bond that is formed by the sharing of three electron pairs between two atoms:
Triple covalent bond
What is the difference between an Ionic and a Covalent bond?
Ionic bonds transfer electrons and form between metals and nonmetals.
Covalent bonds share electrons and usually form between nonmetals.
What are buffers and why are they important?
Resist abrupt and large swings in pH, it allows us to maintain homeostasis
Electrons can occupy areas around the nucleus called:
electron shell
What is a Dalton?
measure of mass for atoms & subatomic particles; same as the atomic mass unit (amu)
A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
ionic bond
What is a Van der Waals interaction?
weak attractions between molecules that are close together as a result of these charges
What is the difference between an anion and a cation?
An anion is negatively charged and a cation is positively charged
The number of protons + the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called.......
The atomic mass
neutrons
Which electron shell is responsible for an atom's reactivity?
What are isotopes?
different atomic forms of the same element (atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons)
What is an example of an ionic compound?
NaCl (table salt) and other salts