General Chemistry
Water
Carbon
Monomers/Polymers
Macromolecules
100
How many electrons are in an element with an atomic number of 6.
6
100
Name two properties of water.
Density, Specific Heat, Heat of Vaporization, Cohesion/Adhesion, Solvent
100
What is a valence electron?
Electrons in the outer shell of an atom that are free to bind with other atoms/molecules.
100
What is a polymer made of?
Monomers
100
List the 4 types of macromolecules.
Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
200
What is the formula for finding the number of neutrons in an atom?
atomic mass-atomic number=neutrons
200
Which type of bond is very weak and holds two molecules of water together?
Hydrogen bond
200
What is an isomer?
A group of molecules with the same chemical formulas but different structures.
200
Describe the process of dehydration synthesis.
Putting a polymer together by taking water away.
200
If a carbohydrate has 12 carbon atoms, how many oxygen and hydrogen atoms will it have?
12 Oxygen and 24 Hydrogen
300
How many neutrons are in an atom with an atomic number of 7 and an atomic mass of 14?
7
300
People use certain substances to make their clothing water proof. Describe what characteristics this waterproofing material must have.
Hydrophobic/non-polar bonds
300
Name two properties of carbon.
Can bond 4 times to 4 different elements, can use different types of bonds, has 4 valence electrons.
300
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate?
Monosaccharide
300
Name two differences between a saturated fat and an unsaturated fat.
Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature, usually from plant-based foods, have double bonds in the chemical structure. Saturated fats have all single bonds in the chemical structure, are usually from animal based foods and are solid at room temperature.
400
What would we call an atom that has a negative charge?
Ion
400
Describe the difference between a non-polar bond and a polar bond in terms of electron sharing.
Non-polar bonds share electrons equally and polar bonds do not.
400
Name the 3 types of isomers.
Geometric, functional, enantiomer.
400
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
nucleotide
400
Which type of macromolecule stores the most energy?
Lipids
500
Explain the difference between an ion and an isotope?
An ion involves a change in the number of electrons and an isotope involves a change in the number of neutrons.
500
If a liquid has a pH of 9 and has H+ ions added to it, what will happen to the pH of that solution and why?
The pH will go down because H+ ions turn a substance into an acid.
500
If life existed on another planet but was not carbon-based, what other element do you think could support life and why?
Silicon....close in weight and same number of valence electrons.
500
When someone eats a large meal, they will begin to break down large molecules into smaller ones. What is the name of this process?
Hydrolysis
500
Describe two factors that would cause a protein to fold into its shape.
Hydrogen bonds of opposite charges, disulfide bridges, hydrophilic/hydrophobic activity.
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