Organelles and Functions
Tiny machines that read mRNA to build polypeptides
What are the Ribosomes?
Protein type that forms a hydrophilic pore for ions/water.
What is a channel protein? (Aquaporin)
Write the water potential equation.
What is, ψ = ψs + ψp
As a cell gets bigger, its SA:V ratio does what?
What is, it decreases?
The C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ in candy corn is which biomolecule class?
What is a carbohydrate, disaccharide (sucrose)?
Membranous stacks that modify/sort proteins (often by glycosylation) and ship them out.
What are the Golgi Bodies/Apparatus?
Movement down the chemical gradient via a membrane protein but no ATP is used.
What is Facilitated Diffusion?
What happens to solute potential (ψs) when solute is added?
What is, ψs becomes more negative (decreases)?
Why do intestinal microvilli help absorption?
What is, they increase surface area without increasing volume?
Dry ice “fog” comes from CO₂(s) → CO₂(g), this process is called what?
What is sublimation?
Organelle that detoxifies H₂O₂
What is the Peroxisome?
Name the animal cell pump that is electrogenic.
A cell (ψ = −0.8 MPa) in solution (ψ = −0.5 MPa). Water moves which way?
What is into the cell (from −0.5 to −0.8)?
Which cube exchanges materials fastest: 1 cm, 2 cm, or 3 cm edge?
What is the 1 cm cube (highest SA:V)?
Glow sticks produce light without heat via what process?
What is Chemiluminescence?
Fill in the blank with an "organelle" to trace the path of a secreted protein from gene to exit.
Nucleus → RER → transport vesicle → Golgi (cis→trans) →__________ → plasma membrane (exocytosis)
What is the vesicle?
Why does O₂ cross the membrane easily, but glucose doesn’t?
What is because O2 is a small nonpolar molecule, Glucose is large and polar?
Calculate ψs for a 0.30 M sucrose solution at 25 °C (i=1; R=0.00831 L·MPa·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹; T=298 K)
What is, ψs ≈ −0.74 MPa?
One 2×2×2 cm cube vs eight 1×1×1 cm cubes (same total volume): which has more total surface area?
What is, Eight small cubes (48 cm² vs 24 cm²)?
A carved pumpkin rots faster because you breach this outer barrier that limits water loss/pathogens.
What is the Cuticle/epidermal barrier?
Give two pieces of evidence for endosymbiosis of mitochondria/chloroplasts according to secular scientists.
What is: They have their own circular DNA, ribosomes, double membranes, reproduce through binary fission, or are the size of bacteria (any two)?
How does cholesterol act as a fluidity buffer in animal plasma membranes across temperature changes? Be specific for high vs. low temps.
What is... At high temps, cholesterol slows phospholipid movement, reducing fluidity; at low temps, it prevents tight packing, maintaining/increasing fluidity and lowering the membrane’s freezing point.
A U-tube with semipermeable membrane (water only): Side A = 1.0 M sucrose, Side B = 0.2 M. Equal pressure. Which side’s level rises?
What is, Side A (water moves B → A; A’s level rises)?
Rank by surface-area-to-volume ratio (highest → lowest): cubes with edge lengths 1 cm, 1.5 cm, 3 cm.
What is 1 cm > 1.5 cm > 3 cm (SA:V = 6:1, 4:1, 2:1).
Why do salty snacks make you thirsty in water potential terms?
What is lower extracellular ψs (more negative) draws water out of cells by osmosis?