Cell Structure & Function
Ideal surface area: volume ration for a cell
Small. Why?
Ribosome structure & function
-NOT membrane-enclosed
-consist in 2 parts (large & small subunits)
-composed of rRNA & proteins
-synthesize proteins according to mRNA sequence
Golgi complex structure & function
-series of flattened membrane sacs
-Involved in the correct folding and chemical modification of newly synthesized proteins and packaging for protein trafficking
-works closely with vesicles
What is the structure of cell membranes?
-phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
Describe osmosis
What do all living cells share?
Genome & ribosomes
Smooth ER structure & function
-network of membrane tubes
-NO ribosomes
-cell detoxification & lipid synthesis
Lysosomes structure & function
-Membrane-enclosed sacs found in some eukaryotic cells that contain hydrolytic enzymes
-Hydrolytic enzymes can be used to digest a variety of materials such as damaged cell parts or macromolecules
What is the structure of cell walls in plants?
-composed of the polysaccharide cellulose in plants
-chitin in fungi & exoskeletons
-peptidoglycan in prokaryotes
Describe active transport
Describe the FMM
-mosaic of embedded proteins in a fluid phospholipid bilayer
Rough ER structure & function
-network of membrane tubes
-has ribosomes attached
-packaging newly synthesized proteins for export (intra- or extracellular)
Vacuole structure & function
-Membrane-bound sacs in eukaryotic cells
-Play a variety of roles ranging from water & macromolecule storage to the release of waste from the cell
Describe selective permeability
-direct consequence of fluid membrane structure
-lets certain things in, but not others
-Yes: small, nonpolar molecules & some small polar molecules (water)
-No: larger nonpolar & polar molecules
Describe passive diffusion
Animal vs. Plant Cells
-Animal: no chloroplasts, no cell wall, shrivel when hypertonic
-Plant: larger vacuoles, more square in shape due to cell wall
Describe mitochondrial structure & function
-double membrane
-inner folds, cristae
-site of electron transport & ATP synthesis (respiration)
How do the ER, ribosomes, and golgi complex work together?
Describe tonicity and osmoregulation
Describe facilitated diffusion
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic cells
-Prok: no nucleus, no organelles, all have cell walls
-Euk: nucleus, organelles, no cell walls in vertebrates
-Both: genetic material & ribosomes
Describe the structure & function of chloroplasts
-double membrane
-thylakoids, stroma, granum
-site of light-dependent rxns (photosynthesis)--convert light into sugars (glucose)
-only in plant cells
Why is compartmentalization important in eukaryotic cells?
-minimizes competing rxns
-increases surface area
-overall increase in efficiency
What are types of embedded proteins and their fucntions?
-Channel & carrier
Describe endocytosis and exocytosis