Energy
What are series of chemical reactions that either build complex molecules or break down complex molecules
Metabolic pathways
Enzymes are what type of organic molecule?
Protein
What is the equation for photosynthesis in chemical form?
6CO2 +6H2O ---->C6H12O6 +6 O2
What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
Oxygen
What are the two locations where ribosomes can be found?
Cytosol, endoplasmic reticulum
During energy transformations some energy is unusable and is lost as...
Heat
What type of enzyme helps to break down complex molecules?
Catabolic enzyme
What are the outputs of the light reactions?
O2, ATP, NADPH
The results of glycolysis include
2 pyruvate
2 Net ATP
2 NADH
What is the coupling of a favorable movement of one substance with an unfavorable movement of another substance
Cotransport
Exergonic reactions are chemical reactions that ___________ energy
Release
A change in _______ means a change in ________.
Shape, function
This type of plant opens its stomata at night and closes them during the day and they also store CO2 as organic acids in vacuoles
CAM plants
Pyruvate must become_______ before it can enter the citric acid cycle
Acetyl CoA
This type of reaction bonds two monomers with the loss of H₂O
The -OH of one monomer bonds to the -H of another monomer forming H₂O, which is then released
A+B→AB + H₂O
Dehydration reaction
How do organisms obtain the energy stored in ATP?
Breaking bond between 2nd and 3rd phosphate
An organic cofactor is called a...
Coenzyme
The 3 phases of the Calvin cycle include:
1. Carbon fixation
2. Reduction
3. Regeneration of RuBP
How does ATP synthase obtain energy to convert ADP + P to ATP?
From the proton gradient (H+)
This type of reaction breaks the bonds in a polymer by adding H₂O
One -H of the H₂O bonds to one monomer and the remaining -OH of the H₂O attaches to the other monomer
AB + H₂O → A+B
Hydrolysis
What type of process is photosynthesis?
Endergonic
What type of inhibitor binds to an area other than the active site (allosteric site), which changes the shape of the active site preventing substrates from binding
Noncompetitive inhibitor
OIL RIG is a mnemonic for what?
Oxidation is loss of e-
Reduction is gain of e-
If there is no oxygen present what two processes may occur after glycolysis depending on the organism?
Alcohol fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
You are given a segment of DNA:
5’- CATGTCAAC-3’
What is the complimentary strand?
3’-GTACAGTTG-5’