Texting cells
type of signaling that involves a cell sending a message to nearby neighboring cells.
What is a ligand?
Signaling molecule that binds to a receptor.
What is apoptosis?
Programmed cell suicide
What is interpahse?
This is the phase where the cell spends most of its life growing and preparing to divide.
What is Juxtacrine signaling or direct contact?
This type of signaling involves cells that are directly touching or connected by junctions in plants or gap junctions in animals.
What is reception?
The first stage of cell signaling, where the ligand attaches to the receptor.
What is shutting off or turns off?
If a drug blocks ligand from binding to its receptor, this happens to the rest of the signaling pathway.
What is the S pahse ?
Part of interphase the cell makes a complete copy of its DNA.
What are cell junctions?
Openings in cell walls (in plants) or cell membranes ( in animals) that let neighboring cells send messages directly to each other.
what is transduction?
Second stage of cell signaling, which acts like a relay race to pass the message into the cell.
what is cancer?
A disease with uncontrolled cell division and happens when cell cycle signaling breaks down.
What is mitosis?
The process of nuclear division that conserves the chromosome number two identical daughter nuclei.
what is endocrine signaling?
This type of long distance signaling uses hormones that travel through the bloodstream to reach cells far away.
What are second messengers?
Tiny, non-protein helper molecules that help spread a signal very quickly inside the cytoplasm.
What is the ligand cannot bind?
If a mutation changes the physical shape of a receptor proteins acitve site, this will happen to the ligand.
what is cytokinesis?
Final step of the cell cycle where the cytoplasm splits, officially creating two separate cells.
what are hydrophobic molecules?
Water fearing signaling molecules that can ppass right through the cell membrane without needing a helper protein.
What are protein kinases?
specific enzymes act like "on-switches " by adding a phosphate group to proteins during the relay chain.
Why does the response stay constantly active?
If chemical mutation forces a relay protein to stay permanetly turned on , this happens to the cells final response.
What is the G0 phase?
If the cell does not get the go ahead signal at the G1 checkpoint, it enters this resting, non dividing state.