Topic 1: Cell Communication
What is gap?
What is reception, transduction and response?
What results from the inability to regulate cell growth?
What is cancer?
How many sister chromatids are in a human cell?
What is 46?
What will happen to a cell if it does not pass the G1 checkpoint?
What is "it will enter the G0 phase where the cell does not divide and stays dormant?"
Animals and plants use this type of signaling for long distances.
What is endocrine signaling?
True or false: the final molecule in a signal transduction pathway can act as a transcription factor, so it can turn genes on or off.
What is "true?"
True or false. Not all normal, healthy somatic cells have the ability to maintain homeostasis.
What is "false?"
What is chromatin?
Strings of nucleosomes (DNA) form chromatin.
Describe what will happen to a cell if it does not pass the G2 checkpoint.
The cell will undergo apoptosis.
True or False? Paracrine signaling releases local regulators via exocytosis to an adjacent cell.
What is true?
Where are estrogen receptors found in the cell?
What is "In the cytoplasm?"
Temperature regulation is a type of ______________ feedback.
What is "negative?"
What are the four main stages of mitosis?
What is "Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase?"
What are "growth factors, contact inhibition, and anchorage dependence?"
Insulin signaling is an example of long distance signaling. In what specialized cells do insulin originate?
What are the beta cells of the pancreas?
True or false. Protein kinases phosphorylate (relay) the signal, while phosphatase dephosphorylates (stops) the signal.
What is "true?"
If a receptor protein is mutated, why can't it receive a ligand?
What is "its receptor may be damaged or changed?"
If a gamete has 20 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would the somatic cells have?
What is 40?
How are cancer cells able to leave the original tumor site and metastasize?
They no longer have anchorage dependence and move through the circulatory or lymphatic system.
What is false? (synaptic signaling only occurs in animal nervous system cells)
What do second messengers do?
What is "they relay and amplify the message and the response?"
How can chemicals activate or inhibit a pathway?
Does mitosis occur in somatic or gametic cells?
What is "somatic?"
What are two ways a cancer cell differs from a normal cell?
They do not follow checkpoints, divide infinitely and evade apoptosis.