operon
Site that signals the start of a gene sequence.
promoter
Enzyme that pairs the coding side of DNA
RNA polymerase
This is the location of translation
ribosomes or rRNA
Two categories of mutations
frameshift and point(substitution)
Pre-transcription, adding these molecules increase the chance of the gene being transcribed
acetyl groups
Protein that the repressor binds to
switch
This base replaces thymine
uracil
This is what groups of three nitrogen bases are called on the mRNA
codon
This large scale mutation affected the pelvic switch in freshwater stickleback.
deletion
Methyl groups inhibit transcription by binding mostly to these
cytosine
The two examples of operons we learned in class
trp and lac
RNA made from DNA is called mRNA, the m stands for this:
messenger
This molecule has an anticodon on one end and an amino acid on the other.
tRNA
Two types of frameshift mutations
insertions and deletions
One gene can code for multiple proteins by doing this
Alternative intron splicing
In lab, this turned on the operon.
arabinose
These three modifications are made to the mRNA before it leaves the nucleus
cap, tail, cut out the introns
When the mRNA, tRNA and small and large ribosomal subunit come together
initiation complex
When a stop codon is occurs earlier than it should
nonsense
This post transcriptional control occurs in the golgi bodies
Protein processing - changing the shape or length of a protein after it has been made
These two phenotypes were added to the engineered plasmid in the pGLO lab.
GFP and ampicillan resistance
This enzyme complex is responsible for cutting out the introns.
spliceosome
This signals the end of the translation process
stop codon
This mutation results in the phenotype of sickle cell anemia.
missense
These control how long mRNA lasts in the cytoplasm
RNAi