DNA and RNA Structure
DNA Replication
Transcription and Translation
Regulation, Expression, and Specialization
Mutations
100
This is the name of the sugar that makes up the backbone of RNA.
What is ribose?
100
This is the name of the model for DNA replication where both parental strands are copied, and the resulting daughter molecules each have one parental and one new strand.
What is the semi-conservative model?
100
This is the full name of the RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis. 
What is transfer RNA?
100
This is the name for a group of genes that can be turned on or off.
What are operons?
100
This is the primary source of genetic variation.
What are mutations?
200
Adenine pairs with _________ in DNA and _________ in RNA.
What are thymine and uracil?
200
All DNA polymerases synthesizes DNA in this direction.
What is 5' to 3'?
200
This is what the mRNA transcript will read of the template strand of DNA reads: 3'-TTACGGTCAGAC-5' (don't forget your directionalities!)
What is 5'-AAUGCCAGUCUG-3'?
200
This region acts as the "switch" for the entire operon
What is the operator?
200
This is a type of gene transfer between two organisms with different genomes in unrelated species.
What is horizontal?
300
These bonds are found between nitrogenous bases in DNA.
What are hydrogen bonds?
300
After helicase 'unzips' the genes in DNA replication, these sections of copied DNA are created on the lagging strand.
What are Okazaki Fragments?
300
These is where transcription and translation take place in a prokaryotic cell.
What is cytoplasm?
300
The lac operon is usually off, but can be started, which means it is described as this.
What is inducible?
300
This mutation is a cause of Down Syndrome, because chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis.
What is nondisjunction?
400
This is the monomer that makes up nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA.
What is nucleotide?
400
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
The S-phase
400
These two modifications help prevent the degradation of mRNA as it moves from transcription to translation.
What is the 5' cap and the poly-A tail?
400
The repressor is the product of this separate gene, which is not part of the operon.
What is the regulatory gene?
400
A point mutation has occurred to turn the last nucleotide in the codon ACG to a T (ACG --> ACT). This is the type of mutation that has occurred as a result.
What is a nonsense mutation? (A type of point mutation)
500
This is how many hydrogen bonds exist between
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
This numbered carbon contains the hydroxyl group that can be found in both deoxyribose and ribose.
What is 3'?
500
This is the name of the enzyme that loosens the supercoil of DNA so helicase can move down the strands.
What is topoisomerase?
500
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
These are the three steps of translation.
What is Initiation, Elongation, and Termination?
500
These are proteins that help control what genes will be turned on and off in order to make specialized cells in eukaryotes.
What are transcription factors?
500
This is are the three reproductive processes that can further increase genetic variation.
What are sexual reproduction, independent assortment, and crossing over?